纯java config配置Spring MVC实例

2022-11-06 20:42:08

1、首先创建一个Maven工程，项目结构如下：

pom.xml添加Spring和servlet依赖，配置如下

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">

  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.smart.springmvc</groupId>

  <artifactId>JavaSpringMVC</artifactId>

  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

  <name>JavaSpringMVC Maven Webapp</name>

  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>

        <springframework.version>4.0.6.RELEASE</springframework.version>

    </properties>

  <dependencies>

  <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>

            <version>${springframework.version}</version>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>

            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>

            <version>3.1.0</version>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>

            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>

            <version>2.3.1</version>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>

            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>

            <version>1.2</version>

        </dependency>

  </dependencies>

  <build>

  <pluginManagement>

            <plugins>

                <plugin>

                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

                    <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>

                    <version>2.4</version>

                    <configuration>

                        <warSourceDirectory>src/main/webapp</warSourceDirectory>

                        <warName>JavaSpringMVC</warName>

                        <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>

                    </configuration>

                </plugin>

            </plugins>

        </pluginManagement>

    <finalName>JavaSpringMVC</finalName>

  </build>

</project>

首先要注意这里maven-war-plugin 插件的声明。正如我们将完全删除web.xml ，我们需要配置这个插件，以避免Maven构建war包失败。第二个变化是加入了JSP/Servlet/Jstl 的依赖关系，这些我们可能需要，因为我们将要使用 servlet API和JSTL视图在我们的代码中。在一般情况下，容器已经包含这些库，从而在pom.xml中为他们提供了，我们可以设置作用范围。

2、添加控制器

UserController.class

package com.smart.springmvc.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;

@Controller

public class UserController {

   @RequestMapping(value = "/user", method = RequestMethod.GET)

   public ModelAndView student() {

      return new ModelAndView("user", "command", new User());

   }

   @RequestMapping(value = "/addUser", method = RequestMethod.POST)

   public String addUser(@ModelAttribute("SpringWeb")User user,

   ModelMap model) {

       System.out.println(user.getSex());

       System.out.println(user.getName());

      model.addAttribute("phone", user.getPhone());

      model.addAttribute("email", user.getEmail());

      model.addAttribute("password", user.getPassword());

      model.addAttribute("name", user.getName());

      model.addAttribute("repassword", user.getRepassword());

      model.addAttribute("sex", user.getSex());

      return "UserList";

   }

}

在类名@Controller注解声明这个类的Spring bean 以及 @RequestMapping注解声明了这个类是默认处理程序键入“/”的所有请求。第一种方法没有声明因此任何映射，它将继承映射的映射声明是在类级别上，默认处理GET请求。方法二(由于额外的映射声明使用value属性)形式 /user 将再次请求。属性方法说哪种类型的HTTP请求这种方法可以服务。

方法说哪种类型的HTTP请求这种方法可以服务。 ModelMap是一个Map实现，在这里作为替代[request.getAttribute()/request.setAttribute()] 设定值作为请求属性。请注意，我们从这个方法返回“UserList”字符串。此字符串将后缀和前缀后缀，在视图解析器定义的前缀，形成真正的视图文件名。

3、添加视图

user.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"

    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>

  <%

String path = request.getContextPath();

String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";

%>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<html>

<head>

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">

<title>register</title>

<script src="js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>

<script src="js/jquery.validate.min.js"></script>

<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">

<script type="text/javascript">

$().ready(function() {

    // 在键盘按下并释放及提交后验证提交表单

      $("#vForm").validate({

            rules: {

              phone:{required:true,isMobile:true},

              email:{required:true,email:true},

              password: {

                required: true,

                minlength: 5,

                maxlength: 12

              },

              repassword: {

                required: true,

                minlength: 5,

                maxlength: 12,

                equalTo: "#password"

              },

              name: {required: true,maxlength:32},

            },

            messages: {

              phone: {

                required: "请输入手机号<br/>",

                minlength: "请输入11位的有效手机号码<br/>"

              },

              email: {

                    required: "请输入邮箱<br/>",

                    minlength: "请输入正确的邮箱<br/>"

                  },

              password: {

                required: "请输入密码<br/>",

                minlength: "密码长度不能小于 5 个字母<br/>",

                maxlength: "密码长度不能大于 12 个字母<br/>"

              },

              repassword: {

                required: "请再次输入密码<br/>",

                minlength: "密码长度不能小于 5 个字母<br/>",

                maxlength: "密码长度不能大于 12 个字母<br/>",

                equalTo: "两次密码输入不一致<br/>"

              },

              name: {

                    required: "请输入用户名<br/>",

                    minlength: "用户名长度不得大于32个字符<br/>"

                  },

            }

        });

    });

</script>

<style>

.error{

    color:red;

}

</style>

</head>

<body>

<div class="container" style="margin-top: 30px">

<div class="well" style="margin-left: 10%;margin-right: 10%">

<div class="row" style="margin-top: 35px">

 <form class="form-horizontal"  role="form" id="vForm" method="POST" action="addUser">

  <div class="form-group">

    <label for="phone" class="col-sm-4 control-label">手&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;机</label>

    <div class="col-sm-4">

      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="phone" name="phone" placeholder="请输入手机号">

    </div>

  </div>

  <div class="form-group">

    <label for="email" class="col-sm-4 control-label">邮&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;箱</label>

    <div class="col-sm-4">

      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="email" name="email" placeholder="请输入邮箱">

    </div>

  </div>

  <div class="form-group">

    <label for="passowrd" class="col-sm-4 control-label">密&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;码</label>

    <div class="col-sm-4">

      <input type="password" class="form-control" id="password" name="password" placeholder="请输入密码">

    </div>

  </div>

    <div class="form-group ">

    <label for="name" class="col-sm-4 control-label">姓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;名</label>

    <div class="col-sm-4">

      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" name="name" placeholder="请输入姓名">

    </div>

  </div>

  <div class="form-group">

    <label for="repassowrd" class="col-sm-4 control-label">重复密码</label>

    <div class="col-sm-4">

      <input type="password" class="form-control" id="repassword" name="repassword" placeholder="请再次输入密码">

    </div>

  </div>

 <div class="form-group">

  <label for="sex" class="col-sm-4 control-label">性&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;别</label>

    <div>

      <label class="radio-inline">

        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<input type="radio" name="sex" id="boy" value="男" checked> 男

      </label>

      <label class="radio-inline">

        <input type="radio" name="sex" id="girl"  value="女"> 女

      </label>

    </div>

 </div>

 <div class="form-group">

   <div class="col-sm-4 col-sm-offset-3 control-label ">

    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-info">提交</button>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

    <a href="Login.jsp" class="btn btn-info">登录</a>

   </div>

 </div>

</form>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</body>

</html>

User.jsp

UserList.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"

    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>

  <%@ taglib prefix="c"

           uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<html>

<head>

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">

<title>用户列表</title>

<script src="js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>

<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

<script src="js/jqPaginator.min.js"></script>

<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">

</head>

<body>

<div class="container" style="margin-top: 30px">

<div class="well" style="margin-left: 10%;margin-right: 10%">

<div class="row" style="margin-top: 35px">

<table class="table table-striped" >

  <caption>用户列表</caption>

  <thead>

    <tr>

      <th>电话</th>

      <th>邮箱</th>

      <th>密码</th>

      <th>重复密码</th>

      <th>名字</th>

      <th>性别</th>

    </tr>

  </thead>

  <tbody>

    <tr>

      <td>${phone}</td>

      <td>${email}</td>

      <td>${password}</td>

      <td>${repassword}</td>

      <td>${name}</td>

      <td>${sex}</td>

    </tr>     

  </tbody>

</table>

</body>

</html>

UserList.jsp

4、添加配置类

JavaSpringCon.class

package com.smart.springmvc.configuration;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView;

@Configuration

@EnableWebMvc

@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.smart.springmvc")

public class JavaSpringCon {

    @Bean(name="HelloWorld")

    public ViewResolver viewResolver() {

        InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();

        viewResolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class);

        viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/");

        viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");

        return viewResolver;

    }

}

这种构造类可以被看作是一个替代 spring-servlet.xml，因为它包含了所有必需的组件的扫描和视图解析器的信息。

@Configuration指明该类包含注解为@Bean 生产 bean管理是由Spring容器的一个或多个bean方法。以上配置类对应等同于以下XML：

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd

     http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd

     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.yiibai.springmvc" />

    <mvc:annotation-driven />

    <bean

        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">

        <property name="prefix">

            <value>/WEB-INF/views/</value>

        </property>

        <property name="suffix">

            <value>.jsp</value>

        </property>

    </bean>

</beans>

@EnableWebMvc 等同于 mvc:annotation-driven 在XML中. 它能够为使用@RequestMapping向特定的方法传入的请求映射@Controller-annotated 类。

@ComponentScan 等同于 context:component-scan base-package="..." 提供 spring 在哪里寻找管理 beans/classes.

5、添加初始化类

JavaSpringIn.class

package com.smart.springmvc.configuration;

import javax.servlet.Filter;

import org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;

public class JavaSpringIn extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {

    @Override

    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {

        return new Class[] { JavaSpringCon.class };

    }

    @Override

    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {

        return null;

    }

    @Override

    protected String[] getServletMappings() {

        return new String[] { "/" };

    }

   @Override

   protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {

       CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();

       characterEncodingFilter.setEncoding("UTF-8");

       characterEncodingFilter.setForceEncoding(true);

       return new Filter[] {characterEncodingFilter};

   }     

}

JavaSpringIn.class

添加一个初始化类实现 WebApplicationInitializer 在src/main/java 中使用如下图所示指定包(在这种情况下，作为替代在 web.xml 中定义的任何 Spring 配置)。在Servlet 3.0的容器启动时，这个类将被加载并初始化，并在启动由servlet容器调用方法。

6、：构建和部署应用程序

有一点要记住，像WebApplicationInitializer，Spring 是基于Java 的配置API依赖于 Servlet3.0容器。确保你没有使用Servlet声明任何小于3.0。对于我们的情况，我们将从应用程序中删除 web.xml 文件。

现在构建war (无论是作为Eclipse中提到的最后一个教程)或通过Maven的命令行(mvn clean install)。部署war 到Servlet3.0容器。由于我在这里使用Tomcat，我就干脆把这个 war 文件放到 Tomcat 的 webapps 文件夹，然后在 tomcat 的bin 目录里面点击 start.bat 运行。

或者右键工程 =>Run As => Maven install 完成后，再次右键工程 =>Run As => Maven build，弹出选择：

Goals:org.apache.tomcat.maven:tomcat7-maven-plugin:2.2:run-war

点击运行访问http://localhost:8080/JavaSpringMVC/user 即可出现如下，我因为css引用问题还没有解决所有这么丑。

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