本篇教程在示例步骤中使用了以下版本的软件。操作时，请您以实际软件版本为准。

• 操作系统：Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS
• Maven 版本：Apache Maven 3.5.4
• JDK 版本：JDK 1.8.0_65
• Tomcat 版本：Apache Tomcat 7.0.47

一、Maven下载与安装

1. Apache Maven 下载
   • apache-maven-3.5.4-bin.tar.gz
   • yum -y install wget
   • wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/maven/maven-3/3.5.4/binaries/apache-maven-3.5.4-bin.tar.gz
   • Apache Maven 历史版本下载
2. Apache Maven 解压安装
   • 新建目录：mkdir /opt/maven
   • 解压至 /opt/maven：tar zxvf apache-maven-3.5.4-bin.tar.gz -C /opt/maven/
3. 配置 Maven 环境
   • vi /etc/profile
   • export M2_HOME=/opt/maven/apache-maven-3.5.4
   • export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$M2_HOME/lib
   • export PATH=$PATH:$M2_HOME/bin
   • 使配置文件生效：source /etc/profile
   • 验证是否安装成功：mvn -v，（参见附录 1）
4. 配置 Maven 源与本地 JAR 目录
   • 新建目录：mkdir /opt/maven/repository
   • 编辑 settings.xml 文件：vi /opt/maven/apache-maven-3.5.4/conf/settings.xml
   • 在相应的位置中添加以下内容：（参见附录 2）
5. 配置 tomcat-users.xml 文件
   • vi /usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml
   • 添加以下内容：（参见附录 3）
   • 若不使用 tomcat7-maven-plugin，则到此结束配置。
   • 使用 tomcat7-maven-plugin 的 pom.xml （参见附录 4）

附录 1

root@ubuntu:/etc# mvn -v

Apache Maven 3.5.4 (1edded0938998edf8bf061f1ceb3cfdeccf443fe; 2018-06-18T02:33:14+08:00)

Maven home: /opt/maven/apache-maven-3.5.4

Java version: 1.8.0_65, vendor: Oracle Corporation, runtime: /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_65/jre

Default locale: en_US, platform encoding: UTF-8

OS name: "linux", version: "4.4.0-105-generic", arch: "amd64", family: "unix"

附录 2

<!-- Config local repository maven -->

<localRepository>/opt/maven/repository</localRepository>

<!-- Config tomcat7-maven-plugin (若不使用则无需配置) -->

<servers>

  <server>

    <id>tomcat7</id>

    <username>admin</username>

    <password>admin</password>

  </server>

</servers>

<!-- Config aliyun mirror -->

<mirrors>

  <mirror>

    <id>nexus-aliyun</id>

    <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>

    <name>Nexus aliyun</name>

    <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public</url>

  </mirror>

</mirrors>

附录 3

<tomcat-users>

  <role rolename="manager-gui"/>

  <role rolename="admin-gui"/>

  <role rolename="manager-script"/>

  <role rolename="manager-jmx"/>

  <role rolename="manager-status"/>

  <user username="admin" password="admin" roles="manager-gui,manager-script,manager-jmx,manager-status,admin-gui"/>

</tomcat-users>

附录 4

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"

  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0

  http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>org.cqupt.mauger</groupId>

  <artifactId>Resource</artifactId>

  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <properties>

    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>

    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>

    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>

  </properties>

  <dependencies>

    <dependency>

      <groupId>junit</groupId>

      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>

      <version>4.11</version>

      <scope>test</scope>

    </dependency>

  </dependencies>

  <build>

    <finalName>Resource</finalName>

    <pluginManagement>

      <!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->

      <plugins>

        <plugin>

          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>

          <version>3.0.0</version>

        </plugin>

        <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->

        <plugin>

          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>

          <version>3.0.2</version>

        </plugin>

        <plugin>

          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>

          <version>3.7.0</version>

        </plugin>

        <plugin>

          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>

          <version>2.20.1</version>

        </plugin>

        <plugin>

          <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>

          <version>3.2.0</version>

        </plugin>

        <plugin>

          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>

          <version>2.5.2</version>

        </plugin>

        <plugin>

          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>

          <version>2.8.2</version>

        </plugin>

        <!-- 配置 tomcat7-maven-plugin 插件 -->

        <plugin>

          <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>

          <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>

          <version>2.2</version>

          <configuration>

            <server>tomcat7</server>

            <username>admin</username>

            <password>admin</password>

            <path>/</path>

            <port>8080</port>

            <uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding>

            <url>http://localhost:8080/manager/text</url>

          </configuration>

        </plugin>

      </plugins>

    </pluginManagement>

  </build>

</project>