目录
1. SaltStack组件之return
return组件可以理解为SaltStack系统对执行Minion返回后的数据进行存储或者返回给其他程序，它支持多种存储方式，比如用MySQL、MongoDB、Redis、Memcache等，通过return我们可以对SaltStack的每次操作进行记录，对以后日志审计提供了数据来源。目前官方已经支持30种return数据存储与接口，我们可以很方便的配置与使用它。当然也支持自己定义的return，自定义的return需由python来编写。在选择和配置好要使用的return后，只需在salt命令后面指定return即可。
[root@master ~]# salt '*' sys.list_returners
node1:
- carbon
- couchdb
- etcd
- highstate
- local
- local_cache
- mattermost
- multi_returner
- pushover
- rawfile_json
- slack
- slack_webhook
- smtp
- splunk
- sqlite3
- syslog
- telegram
master:
- carbon
- couchdb
- etcd
- highstate
- local
- local_cache
- mattermost
- multi_returner
- pushover
- rawfile_json
- slack
- slack_webhook
- smtp
- splunk
- sqlite3
- syslog
- telegram
1.1 return流程
return是在Master端触发任务，然后Minion接受处理任务后直接与return存储服务器建立连接，然后把数据return存到存储服务器。关于这点一定要注意，因为此过程都是Minion端操作存储服务器，所以要确保Minion端的配置跟依赖包是正确的，这意味着我们将必须在每个Minion上安装指定的return方式依赖包，假如使用Mysql作为return存储方式，那么我们将在每台Minion上安装python-mysql模块。
1.2 使用mysql作为return存储方式
环境说明：
| 主机 | IP | 服务 |
|---|---|---|
| master | 192.168.235.160 | salt-master |
| minion-node1 | 192.168.220.10 | salt-minion mariadb |
| mariadb | 192.168.220.17 | mariadb-server mariadb |
关闭三台防火墙和selinux并更改主机名
master上安装服务
# 下载仓库
[root@master ~]# rpm --import https://repo.saltproject.io/py3/redhat/8/x86_64/latest/SALTSTACK-GPG-KEY.pub
[root@master ~]# curl -fsSL https://repo.saltproject.io/py3/redhat/8/x86_64/latest.repo | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/salt.repo
[salt-latest-repo]
name=Salt repo for RHEL/CentOS 8 PY3
baseurl=https://repo.saltproject.io/py3/redhat/8/x86_64/latest
skip_if_unavailable=True
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
enabled_metadata=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.saltproject.io/py3/redhat/8/x86_64/latest/SALTSTACK-GPG-KEY.pub
[root@master ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS-Stream-AppStream.repo CentOS-Stream-Media.repo
CentOS-Stream-BaseOS.repo CentOS-Stream-PowerTools.repo
CentOS-Stream-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Stream-RealTime.repo
CentOS-Stream-Extras.repo salt.repo
CentOS-Stream-HighAvailability.repo
# 安装服务salt-master
[root@master ~]# yum -y install salt-master
......
# 启动
[root@master ~]# systemctl start salt-master
[root@master ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:4505 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:4506 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
node1上安装服务
# 下载仓库
[root@node1 ~]# rpm --import https://repo.saltproject.io/py3/redhat/8/x86_64/latest/SALTSTACK-GPG-KEY.pub
[root@node1 ~]# curl -fsSL https://repo.saltproject.io/py3/redhat/8/x86_64/latest.repo | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/salt.repo
[salt-latest-repo]
name=Salt repo for RHEL/CentOS 8 PY3
baseurl=https://repo.saltproject.io/py3/redhat/8/x86_64/latest
skip_if_unavailable=True
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
enabled_metadata=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.saltproject.io/py3/redhat/8/x86_64/latest/SALTSTACK-GPG-KEY.pub
[root@node1 ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS-Stream-AppStream.repo CentOS-Stream-Media.repo
CentOS-Stream-BaseOS.repo CentOS-Stream-PowerTools.repo
CentOS-Stream-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Stream-RealTime.repo
CentOS-Stream-Extras.repo salt.repo
CentOS-Stream-HighAvailability.repo
# 安装服务salt-minion, python3-PyMySQL mariadb
[root@node1 ~]# yum -y install salt-minion
....
[root@node1 ~]# yum -y install python3-PyMySQL
......
# 修改配置文件
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
......
15 # resolved, then the minion will fail to start.
16 #master: salt
17 master: 192.168.235.160 # IP是master的，前面有一个空格
.......
# 启动salt-minion
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl start salt-minion
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl status salt-minion
● salt-minion.service - The Salt Minion
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/salt-minion.service; disabl>
Active: active (running) since Fri 2021-11-05 06:08:37 EDT; 6s ago
Docs: man:salt-minion(1)
file:///usr/share/doc/salt/html/contents.html
https://docs.saltproject.io/en/latest/contents.html
Main PID: 89941 (salt-minion)
Tasks: 15 (limit: 11201)
Memory: 81.8M
CGroup: /system.slice/salt-minion.service
├─89941 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-minion
mariadb安装服务并配置
[root@mariadb ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server mariadb
[root@mariadb ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@mariadb ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 50 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
[root@mariadb ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.68-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> set password = password('1');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
[root@mariadb ~]# mysql -uroot -p1
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 3
Server version: 5.5.68-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> create database `salt`
-> DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8
-> DEFAULT COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| salt |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> USE `salt`;
Database changed
MariaDB [salt]> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `jids`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> CREATE TABLE `jids` (
-> `jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `load` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> UNIQUE KEY `jid` (`jid`)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `salt_returns`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> CREATE TABLE `salt_returns` (
-> `fun` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
-> `jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `return` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> `id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `success` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
-> `full_ret` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> `alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-> KEY `id` (`id`),
-> KEY `jid` (`jid`),
-> KEY `fun` (`fun`)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `salt_events`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> CREATE TABLE `salt_events` (
-> `id` BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> `tag` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `data` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> `alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-> `master_id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
-> KEY `tag` (`tag`)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> grant all on salt.* to salt@'%' identified by 'salt';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
[root@master ~]# salt-key -L
Accepted Keys:
master
node1
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
Rejected Keys:
在node1上安装mariadb
[root@node1 ~]# yum -y install mariadb
# 尝试使用mariadb主机创建的用户和密码登录
[root@node1 ~]# mysql -usalt -psalt -h192.168.235.173 (mariadb主机的ip)
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 5
Server version: 5.5.68-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
[root@node1 ~]#
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
927 #return:
928 # - mysql
929 # - hipchat
930 # - slack
931 mysql.host: '192.168.235.173' //IP是mariadb的主机
932 mysql.user: 'salt'
933 mysql.pass: 'salt'
934 mysql.db: 'salt'
935 mysql.port: 3306
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion
mariadb上查看是否有数据
MariaDB [salt]> select * from salt.salt_returns;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
master上测试存储到mariadb中
[root@master ~]# salt 'node1' test.ping --return mysql
node1:
True
mariadb查看
MariaDB [salt]> select * from salt.salt_returns\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
fun: test.ping
jid: 20211105111823191240
return: true
id: node1
success: 1
full_ret: {"success": true, "return": true, "retcode": 0, "jid": "20211105111823191240", "fun": "test.ping", "fun_args": [], "id": "node1"}
alter_time: 2021-11-05 07:18:23
1 row in set (0.000 sec)
2. job cache
2.1 job cache流程
return时是由Minion直接与存储服务器进行交互，因此需要在每台Minion上安装指定的存储方式的模块，比如python-mysql，那么我们能否直接在Master上就把返回的结果给存储到存储服务器呢？
答案是肯定的，这种方式被称作 job cache 。意思是当Minion将结果返回给Master后，由Master将结果给缓存在本地，然后将缓存的结果给存储到指定的存储服务器，比如存储到mysql中。
master默认的存储位置
[root@master ~]# cd /var/cache/salt/master/jobs/
[root@master jobs]# ls
05 16 21 30 3b 50 68 81 89 94 a5 af bc c8 d5 e1 f0 fa
08 17 22 33 3e 54 6b 83 8a 95 a9 b2 bd cd d6 e2 f1 fc
0a 19 25 34 3f 5e 73 84 8b 97 ab b3 bf cf d9 e3 f2
0d 1c 27 36 42 61 79 85 8f 9b ac b4 c0 d1 da eb f4
12 1d 28 38 48 66 7c 86 92 a2 ad b7 c4 d3 db ec f5
14 1f 2c 3a 4d 67 7d 87 93 a3 ae ba c6 d4 dd ee f9
之前改的node1上的配置文件还原
#return:
# - mysql
# - hipchat
# - slack
#mysql.host: '192.168.235.173'
#mysql.user: 'salt'
#mysql.pass: 'salt'
#mysql.db: 'salt'
#mysql.port: 3306
开启master端的master_job_cache
[root@master ~]# yum -y install python3-PyMySQL
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
137 #job_cache: True
138 mysql.host: '192.168.235.173' mariadb主机的IP
139 mysql.user: 'salt'
140 mysql.pass: 'salt'
141 mysql.db: 'salt'
142 mysql.port: 3306
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart salt-master
master安装mariadb服务
[root@master ~]# yum -y install mariadb
[root@master ~]# mysql -usalt -psalt -h192.168.235.173
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 8
Server version: 5.5.68-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]>
删除表中之前的数据
[root@mariadb ~]# mysql -uroot -p1
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 9
Server version: 5.5.68-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> delete from salt.salt_returns;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> select * from salt.salt_returns;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]>
在master上再次测试能否存储至数据库
[root@master ~]# salt 'node1' cmd.run 'df -h'
node1:
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 876M 0 876M 0% /dev
tmpfs 895M 60K 895M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 895M 8.7M 887M 1% /run
tmpfs 895M 0 895M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cs-root 66G 2.3G 63G 4% /
/dev/mapper/cs-home 32G 260M 32G 1% /home
/dev/sda1 1014M 195M 820M 20% /boot
tmpfs 179M 0 179M 0% /run/user/0
在mariadb数据库中查询
MariaDB [(none)]> select * from salt.salt_returns\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
fun: cmd.run
jid: 20211105115047743305
return: "Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on\ndevtmpfs 876M 0 876M 0% /dev\ntmpfs 895M 60K 895M 1% /dev/shm\ntmpfs 895M 17M 879M 2% /run\ntmpfs 895M 0 895M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup\n/dev/mapper/cs-root 17G 2.0G 16G 12% /\n/dev/sda1 1014M 195M 820M 20% /boot\ntmpfs 179M 0 179M 0% /run/user/0"
id: node1
success: 1
full_ret: {"cmd": "_return", "id": "node1", "success": true, "return": "Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on\ndevtmpfs 876M 0 876M 0% /dev\ntmpfs 895M 60K 895M 1% /dev/shm\ntmpfs 895M 17M 879M 2% /run\ntmpfs 895M 0 895M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup\n/dev/mapper/cs-root 17G 2.0G 16G 12% /\n/dev/sda1 1014M 195M 820M 20% /boot\ntmpfs 179M 0 179M 0% /run/user/0", "retcode": 0, "jid": "20211105115047743305", "fun": "cmd.run", "fun_args": ["df -h"], "_stamp": "2021-11-05T11:50:47.859197"}
alter_time: 2021-11-05 07:50:47
1 row in set (0.000 sec)
2.2 job管理
Salt 0.9.7 为管理作业的saltutil引入了一些新功能。这些功能是：
running返回在proc目录中找到的所有运行作业的数据
find_job根据工作id返回有关某项工作的具体数据
signal_job允许向给定夹具发送信号
term_job向控制指定作业的流程发送终止信号(SIGTERM,15)
kill_job向控制指定作业的流程发送杀伤信号(SIGKILL,9)
获取任务的jid
[root@master ~]# salt 'node1' cmd.run 'date' -v
Executing job with jid 20211107091451183526
-------------------------------------------
node1:
Sun Nov 7 17:14:51 CST 2021
通过jid获取任务的返回结果
[root@master ~]# salt-run jobs.lookup_jid 20211107091451183526
node1:
Sun Nov 7 17:14:51 CST 2021
列出正在执行的任务,可以通过上面的 kill_job jid 杀死一个正在执行的任务
[root@master ~]# salt-run jobs.active
列出执行过的任务
[root@master ~]# salt-run jobs.list_jobs
20211107015350680626:
----------
Arguments:
- /root/test.sh
Function:
file.prepend
StartTime:
2021, Nov 07 01:53:50.680626
Target:
node1
Target-type:
glob
User:
root
20211107015405852746:
----------
Arguments:
- cat /root/test.sh
Function:
cmd.run
StartTime:
2021, Nov 07 01:54:05.852746
Target:
node1
Target-type:
glob
User:
root
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