LNMP环境的搭建配置

       概述：Linux + Nginx + MySQL + PHP。PHP是一种脚本语言，当前中国乃至世界上使用php语言开发网站非常普遍。Nginx是一个web服务软件,和apache是一类软件，目前使用nginx的企业越来越多，MySQL是当前最为流行的小型关系型数据库，LNMP就是一个支持解析php程序的环境。

一，安装Mysql：

mysql初始化

# cd /usr/local/src

# wget http://mirrors.163.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

1，解压mysql：tar zxvf mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

2，更改位置：# mv mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

3，创建mysql用户：# useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql

4，创建datadir，mysql数据会放在这里：#cd /usr/local/mysql

# mkdir -p /data/mysql

5，更改权限：# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql

6，指定mysql用户，mysql包所在的位置，datadir数据库的安装位置：# ./bin/mysqld/ --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql

配置mysql

1，配置/etc/my.cnf文件

查看/usr/local/mysql/support-files下有没有my-default.cnf文件，

若有，则复制 #cp /etc/my.cnfcp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

若没有，则vim /etc/my.cnf，编辑

# For advice on how to change settings please see

# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It‘s a template which will be copied to the

# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you

# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.

[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data

# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging

# changes to the binary log between backups.

# log_bin

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.

basedir = /usr/local/mysql

datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql

port = 3306

server_id = 128

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.

# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.

# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.

join_buffer_size = 128M

sort_buffer_size = 2M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M 

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

2，复制启动脚本文件并修改其属性

# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

#  chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

3，修改启动脚本/etc/init.d/mysqld中datadir（数据库文件储存的地方）的数据

# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld

修改：datadir=/data/mysql

4，把启动脚本加入系统服务项，设定开机启动

# chkconfig --add mysqld

# chkconfig mysqld on

5，启动mysql

# service mysqld start

6，检查mysql是否启动

# ps aux |grep mysqld  //结果应该大于两行

# netstat -lnp|grep 3306  //看看有没有监听3306端口

安装PHP

1，针对Nginx的php安装和针对apache的php安装是有区别的 

#cd /usr/local/src

#wget http://cn2.php.net/distributions/php-5.6.39.tar.bz2

2，解压源码包#  tar zxf -xjf php-5.6.39.tar.bz2 

3，创建php-fpm账户用来运行php-fpm服务。PHP以一个服务php-fpm的形式出现，独立存在于linux系统中，方便管理：  #useradd -s /sbin/nologin php-fpm 

4，配置编译选项

#cd php-5.3.27 

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm   --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fpm/etc  --enable-fpm   --with-fpm-user=php-fpm  --with-fpm-group=php-fpm   --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql  --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock  --with-libxml-dir  --with-gd   --with-jpeg-dir   --with-png-dir   --with-freetype-dir  --with-iconv-dir   --with-zlib-dir   --with-mcrypt   --enable-soap   --enable-gd-native-ttf   --enable-ftp  --enable-mbstring  --enable-exif --disable-ipv6   --with-pear   --with-curl --with-openssl

5，安装库

1） yum install -y libxml2-devel

2） yum install -y openssl openssl-devel

3）  yum install -y bzip2 bzip2-devel

4）  yum install -y libpng libpng-devel

5）  yum install -y freetype freetype-devel

6） yum install -y epel-release

7）  yum install -y libmcrypt-devel

8）  yum -y install libjpeg-devel

注：可能会出现的问题：1,Linux执行./configuer 编译命令报configure: WARNING: unrecognized options: ....

checking for cc… no

checking for gcc… no

解决办法：原因是缺少gcc 编译环境

有yum源的直接执行 # yum -y install gcc gcc-c++

2,编译命令报checking libxml2 install dir... no

checking for xml2-config path...

configure: error: xml2-config not found. Please check your libxml2 installation.

解决办法：检查是否安装了libxm包: # rpm -qa |grep  libxml2

     libxml2-2.6.26-2.1.12

     libxml2-python-2.6.26-2.1.12

重新安装libxml2和libxml2-devel包

# yum install libxml2

# yum install libxml2-devel -y

安装完之后查找xml2-config文件是否存在

# find / -name "xml2-config"

/usr/bin/xml2-config

4,编译命令报Php7 configure: error: Cannot find OpenSSL’s <ev.h>

解决办法：安装opensll：# yum install -y openssl openssl-devel

5,编译命令报If configure fails try --with-vpx-dir=<DIR> configure: error: jpeglib.h not

解决办法：# yum -y install libjpeg-devel

6，编译命令报 configure：error：mcrypt.h not found. Please reinstall libmcrypt

先安装epel,再安装libmcrypt    

解决办法：# yum install -y epel-release

# yum install -y libmcrypt-devel

7，安装php：# make

              # make install

  8，修改配置文件：# cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

                     # vim /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

[global] 

pid = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/run/php-fpm.pid

error_log = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/php-fpm.log 

[www] 

listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock

listen.mode = 666

user = php-fpm 

group = php-fpm 

pm = dynamic 

pm.max_children = 50 

pm.start_servers = 20 

pm.min_spare_servers = 5 

pm.max_spare_servers = 35 

pm.max_requests = 500 

rlimit_files = 1024 

保存配置文件之后检查配置是否正确

# /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -t 

9，启动php-fpm拷贝启动脚本：# cp /usr/local/src/php-5.3.27/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm 

修改启动脚本权限：# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm 

启动php：# service php-fpm start 

设置开机启动：# chkconfig php-fpm on

检测php-fpm是否启动：# ps aux |grep php-fpm （执行这条命令大概可以看到20多个进程） 

安装nginx

Nginx官方网站(http://nginx.org) 

1，下载和解压Nginx：# cd /usr/local/src/

  # wget http://nginx.org/en/download.html/nginx-1.20.0

  # tar zxvf nginx-1.20.0.tar.gz 

2，配置编译选项：# cd nginx-1.2.9

            # ./configure   --prefix=/usr/local/nginx  

3，编译和安装Nginx

# make 

# make install

4，编写启动脚本 # vim /etc/init.d/nginx //加入内容

#!/bin/bash 

# chkconfig: - 30 21 

# description: http service. 

# Source Function Library 

. /etc/init.d/functions 

# Nginx Settings 

NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" 

NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf" 

NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid" 

RETVAL=0 

prog="Nginx" 

start() 

{ 

echo -n $"Starting $prog: " 

mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp 

daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF 

RETVAL=$? 

echo 

return $RETVAL 

} 

stop() 

{ 

echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " 

killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM 

rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp 

RETVAL=$? 

echo 

return $RETVAL 

} 

reload()

{ 

echo -n $"Reloading $prog: " 

killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP 

RETVAL=$? 

echo 

return $RETVAL 

} 

restart()

{ 

stop 

start 

} 

configtest()

{ 

$NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t 

return 0 

} 

case "$1" in 

start) 

start 

;; 

stop) 

stop 

;; 

reload) 

reload 

;; 

restart) 

restart 

;; 

configtest) 

configtest 

;; 

*) 

echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}" 

RETVAL=1 

esac 

exit $RETVAL 

5，保存改脚本之后修改权限 # chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx 

           # chkconfig --add nginx

加入开机启动 # chkconfig nginx on 

6，更改Nginx配置文件 

首先把原来的配置文件清空 : # /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf (重定向单独使用，快速清空)

# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 

user nobody nobody; 

worker_processes 2; 

error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit; 

pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid; 

worker_rlimit_nofile 51200; 

events 

{ 

use epoll; 

worker_connections 6000; 

} 

http 

{ 

include mime.types; 

default_type application/octet-stream; 

server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526; 

server_names_hash_max_size 4096; 

log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]' 

'$host "$request_uri" $status' 

'"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"'; 

sendfile on; 

tcp_nopush on; 

keepalive_timeout 30; 

client_header_timeout 3m; 

client_body_timeout 3m; 

send_timeout 3m; 

connection_pool_size 256; 

client_header_buffer_size 1k; 

large_client_header_buffers 8 4k; 

request_pool_size 4k; 

output_buffers 4 32k; 

postpone_output 1460; 

client_max_body_size 10m; 

client_body_buffer_size 256k; 

client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp; 

proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp; 

fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp; 

fastcgi_intercept_errors on; 

tcp_nodelay on; 

gzip on; 

gzip_min_length 1k; 

gzip_buffers 4 8k; 

gzip_comp_level 5; 

gzip_http_version 1.1; 

gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm 

application/xml; 

server 

{ 

listen 80; 

server_name localhost; 

index index.html index.htm index.php; 

root /usr/local/nginx/html; 

location ~ \.php$ 

{  

include fastcgi_params; 

fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock; 

fastcgi_index index.php; 

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name; 

} 

}

include vhost/*.conf; 

}

7，检查配置文件是否有误：# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 

8，启动Nginx：# service nginx start 

    检查Nginx是否启动：# ps aux |grep nginx

9，测试是否正确解析PHP

创建测试文件：# vim /usr/local/nginx/html/2.php  //内容如下

 编辑内容如下：

<?php 

    echo "测试php是否解析"; 

 ?>

执行如下命令测试文件：  curl  localhost/2.php