【openstack N版】——计算服务nova

一.openstack计算服务nova

1.1nova介绍

  Nova是openstack最早的两块模块之一,另一个是对象存储swift。在openstack体系中一个叫做计算节点,一个叫做控制节点。这个主要和nova相关,我们把安装为计算节点nova-compute,把除了nova-compute叫做控制节点。nova-compute是创建虚拟机的,只是创建虚拟机,所有的控制都在另一台上。

1.2Nova组件介绍

  • API:实现了RESTful API功能,是外部访问Nova的唯一途径。

    接收外部的请求并通过Message Queue将请求发送给其他的服务组件,同时也兼容EC2 API,所以也可以用EC2的管理工具对nova进行日常管理。

  • Scheduler:模块在OpenStack中负责决策虚拟机创建在那台主机(计算节点)上。

    决策一个虚拟机应该调度到某物理节点,需要分两个步骤:

    1.过滤(Fliter) 首先获取过未过滤的主机列表,根据过滤属性,选择服务条件的计算节点主机。

    2.计算权值(Weight) 经过主机过滤,需要对主机进行权值的计算,根据策略选择相应的某一台主机。

  • Cert:负责身份认证
  • Conductor:计算节点访问数据库的中间件
  • Consoleauth:用于控制台的授权验证
  • Novncproxy:VNC代理

1.3nova环境准备

1.3.1安装nova包及组件
 [root@linux-node1 ~]# yum install –y \
openstack-nova-api \
openstack-nova-conductor \
openstack-nova-console \
openstack-nova-novncproxy \
openstack-nova-scheduler
注解:(从上往下依次)
nova-api接口
计算节点访问数据库中间件
控制台授权认证组件
VNC代理组件
云主机调度组件
1.3.2创建nova库及用户
 #登录数据库
[root@linux-node1 ~]# mysql -uroot –p
#创建nova库
MariaDB [(none)]> create database nova;
Query OK, row affected (0.00 sec)
#创建nova用户并授权
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on nova.* to nova@'%' identified by 'nova';
Query OK, rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on nova.* to nova@'localhost' identified by 'nova';
Query OK, rows affected (0.00 sec)
#创建nova_api库
MariaDB [(none)]> create database nova_api;
Query OK, row affected (0.00 sec)
#授权nova用户使用nova_api库
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on nova_api.* to 'nova'@'localhost' identified by 'nova';
Query OK, rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on nova_api.* to 'nova'@'%' identified by 'nova';
Query OK, rows affected (0.00 sec)
1.3.3创建openstack的nova用户
 #创建nova用户
[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt nova
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| Field               | Value                            |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| domain_id           | default                          |
| enabled             | True                             |
| id                  | 71f572aaf1ec431695f2ed0b27b8c908 |
| name                | nova                             |
| password_expires_at | None                             |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
#将nova用户加入到service项目并且赋予admin角色
[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack role add --project service --user nova admin

1.4安装配置nova控制节点

1.4.1编辑配置文件
 #编辑nova配置文件
[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/nova/nova.conf
#只启用计算和元数据API,打开注释
enabled_apis=osapi_compute,metadata
#在api_database标签下添加内容
[api_database]
#nova_api连接数据库
connection=mysql+pymysql://nova:nova@192.168.56.11/nova_api
#在database标签下添加内容
[database]
#nova连接数据库
connection=mysql+pymysql://nova:nova@192.168.56.11/nova
#在default标签下添加内容
[default]
#消息队列配置
transport_url=rabbit://openstack:openstack@192.168.56.11
#允许keystone认证方式,打开注释
auth_strategy=keystone
#在keystone_authtoken标签下添加内容
[keystone_authtoken]
#配置nova连接keystone
auth_uri = http://192.168.56.11:5000
auth_url = http://192.168.56.11:35357
memcached_servers = 192.168.56.11:
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = nova
password = nova
#启用网络服务支持
use_neutron=true
#防火墙驱动
firewall_driver = nova.virt.firewall.NoopFirewallDriver
#配置VNC代理使用控制节点的管理接口IP地址
vncserver_listen=0.0.0.0
#VNC客户端地址
vncserver_proxyclient_address=192.168.56.11
#配置镜像服务 API 的位置
api_servers=http://192.168.56.11:9292
#配置锁路径,打开注释
lock_path=/var/lib/nova/tmp
1.4.2将数据导入数据库
 #导入nova-api数据
[root@linux-node1 ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage api_db sync" nova
#导入nova数据
[root@linux-node1 ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage db sync" nova
1.4.3检查数据库
 [root@linux-node1 ~]# mysql -h192.168.56. -unova -pnova -e "use nova;show tables;"
+--------------------------------------------+
| Tables_in_nova                             |
+--------------------------------------------+
| agent_builds                               |
| aggregate_hosts                            |
| aggregate_metadata                         |
| aggregates                                 |
| allocations                                |
| block_device_mapping                       |
| bw_usage_cache                             |
| cells                                      |
| certificates                               |
| compute_nodes                              |
| console_auth_tokens                        |
| console_pools                              |
| consoles                                   |
| dns_domains                                |
| fixed_ips                                  |
| floating_ips                               |
| instance_actions                           |
| instance_actions_events                    |
| instance_extra                             |
| instance_faults                            |
| instance_group_member                      |
| instance_group_policy                      |
| instance_groups                            |
| instance_id_mappings                       |
| instance_info_caches                       |
| instance_metadata                          |
| instance_system_metadata                   |
| instance_type_extra_specs                  |
| instance_type_projects                     |
| instance_types                             |
| instances                                  |
| inventories                                |
| key_pairs                                  |
| migrate_version                            |
| migrations                                 |
| networks                                   |
| pci_devices                                |
| project_user_quotas                        |
| provider_fw_rules                          |
| quota_classes                              |
| quota_usages                               |
| quotas                                     |
| reservations                               |
| resource_provider_aggregates               |
| resource_providers                         |
| s3_images                                  |
| security_group_default_rules               |
| security_group_instance_association        |
| security_group_rules                       |
| security_groups                            |
| services                                   |
| shadow_agent_builds                        |
| shadow_aggregate_hosts                     |
| shadow_aggregate_metadata                  |
| shadow_aggregates                          |
| shadow_block_device_mapping                |
| shadow_bw_usage_cache                      |
| shadow_cells                               |
| shadow_certificates                        |
| shadow_compute_nodes                       |
| shadow_console_pools                       |
| shadow_consoles                            |
| shadow_dns_domains                         |
| shadow_fixed_ips                           |
| shadow_floating_ips                        |
| shadow_instance_actions                    |
| shadow_instance_actions_events             |
| shadow_instance_extra                      |
| shadow_instance_faults                     |
| shadow_instance_group_member               |
| shadow_instance_group_policy               |
| shadow_instance_groups                     |
| shadow_instance_id_mappings                |
| shadow_instance_info_caches                |
| shadow_instance_metadata                   |
| shadow_instance_system_metadata            |
| shadow_instance_type_extra_specs           |
| shadow_instance_type_projects              |
| shadow_instance_types                      |
| shadow_instances                           |
| shadow_key_pairs                           |
| shadow_migrate_version                     |
| shadow_migrations                          |
| shadow_networks                            |
| shadow_pci_devices                         |
| shadow_project_user_quotas                 |
| shadow_provider_fw_rules                   |
| shadow_quota_classes                       |
| shadow_quota_usages                        |
| shadow_quotas                              |
| shadow_reservations                        |
| shadow_s3_images                           |
| shadow_security_group_default_rules        |
| shadow_security_group_instance_association |
| shadow_security_group_rules                |
| shadow_security_groups                     |
| shadow_services                            |
| shadow_snapshot_id_mappings                |
| shadow_snapshots                           |
| shadow_task_log                            |
| shadow_virtual_interfaces                  |
| shadow_volume_id_mappings                  |
| shadow_volume_usage_cache                  |
| snapshot_id_mappings                       |
| snapshots                                  |
| tags                                       |
| task_log                                   |
| virtual_interfaces                         |
| volume_id_mappings                         |
| volume_usage_cache                         |
+--------------------------------------------+
1.4.4项目及端点配置
 #创建nova实体服务
[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack service create --name nova \
--description "OpenStack Compute" compute
#创建nova端点
[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
compute public http://192.168.56.11:8774/v2.1/%\(tenant_id\)s
[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
compute internal http://192.168.56.11:8774/v2.1/%\(tenant_id\)s
[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
compute admin http://192.168.56.11:8774/v2.1/%\(tenant_id\)s
1.4.5检查端点列表
 [root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint list
+----------------------------------+-----------+--------------+--------------+---------+-----------+----------------------------------------------+
| ID                               | Region    | Service Name | Service Type | Enabled | Interface | URL                                          |
+----------------------------------+-----------+--------------+--------------+---------+-----------+----------------------------------------------+
| 1cf120812e2142c1ac9c239a71146ed8 | RegionOne | nova         | compute      | True    | admin     | http://192.168.56.11:8774/v2.1/%(tenant_id)s |
| 30ead02b5d1b4198bc5bf5c030182113 | RegionOne | nova         | compute      | True    | public    | http://192.168.56.11:8774/v2.1/%(tenant_id)s |
| 46bb270ff4f04b0da6a69a554322bc27 | RegionOne | keystone     | identity     | True    | public    | http://192.168.56.11:5000/v3/                |
| 5da8b564f1244915a8d0bdf1d1f65a18 | RegionOne | glance       | image        | True    | internal  | http://192.168.56.11:9292                    |
| 77bca853dafb413da29dcbac4bed9305 | RegionOne | keystone     | identity     | True    | admin     | http://192.168.56.11:35357/v3/               |
| 7cc4f83fc4f34cf9b1ec5033739aefc1 | RegionOne | keystone     | identity     | True    | internal  | http://192.168.56.11:35357/v3/               |
| 9f35261f1894470d81abfb8dce6876a4 | RegionOne | glance       | image        | True    | admin     | http://192.168.56.11:9292                    |
| aa50739225fc4aecb9b2e9fa589d2706 | RegionOne | nova         | compute      | True    | internal  | http://192.168.56.11:8774/v2.1/%(tenant_id)s |
| fc8978523b064b518eab75f40a7db017 | RegionOne | glance       | image        | True    | public    | http://192.168.56.11:9292                    |
+----------------------------------+-----------+--------------+--------------+---------+-----------+----------------------------------------------+
1.4.6验证nova
 [root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack host list
+-------------------------+-------------+----------+
| Host Name               | Service     | Zone     |
+-------------------------+-------------+----------+
| linux-node1.example.com | consoleauth | internal |
| linux-node1.example.com | conductor   | internal |
| linux-node1.example.com | scheduler   | internal |
+-------------------------+-------------+----------+
1.4.7启动nova及其所有组件服务
 #允许开机自启
[root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl enable openstack-nova-api.service \
openstack-nova-consoleauth.service openstack-nova-scheduler.service \
openstack-nova-conductor.service openstack-nova-novncproxy.service
#启动服务
[root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl start openstack-nova-api.service \
openstack-nova-consoleauth.service openstack-nova-scheduler.service \
openstack-nova-conductor.service openstack-nova-novncproxy.service

1.5安装配置nova计算节点

1.5.1环境准备
 #安装计算节点nova
[root@linux-node2 ~]# yum install -y openstack-nova-compute
1.5.2修改配置文件
 #将控制节点nova配置文件拷贝到计算节点
[root@linux-node1 ~]# scp /etc/nova/nova.conf 192.168.56.12:/etc/nova/
#编辑配置文件
[root@linux-node2 ~]# vim /etc/nova/nova.conf
#删除以下两行内容(计算节点的nova连接数据库,用nova-conductor中间件所以不需要配置数据库)
connection=mysql+pymysql://nova:nova@192.168.56.11/nova_api
connection=mysql+pymysql://nova:nova@192.168.56.11/nova
#将VNC客户端地址改为计算节点IP
vncserver_proxyclient_address=192.168.56.12
#添加VNC代理url地址
novncproxy_base_url=http://192.168.56.11:6080/vnc_auto.html
#允许使用VNC,打开注释
enabled=true
#允许键盘,打开注释
keymap=en-us
#配置virt类型,打开注释
virt_type=kvm
注:这一步首先要确定计算节点CPU是否支持虚拟化、支持硬件加速,egrep -c '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo 执行此命令来查看,如果返回值为1,或者大于1则不需要修改,如果返回值为0则必须配置 libvirt 来使用 QEMU 去代替 KVM
#在[default]标签下添加内容
[default]
#配置消息队列
transport_url=rabbit://openstack:openstack@192.168.56.11
1.5.3启动计算节点nova及libvirt服务
 #允许开机自启
[root@linux-node2 ~]# systemctl enable libvirtd.service openstack-nova-compute.service
#启动服务
[root@linux-node2 ~]# systemctl start libvirtd.service openstack-nova-compute.service

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