Java多线程学习笔记(一)——Thread类中方法介绍

currentThread():返回代码正在被哪个线程调用。

public class CurrentThreadWay {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
ThreadTest t = new ThreadTest();
t.start();
}
}
public class ThreadTest extends Thread{

    public ThreadTest(){
System.out.println("调用构造方法的线程是:"+Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
public void run(){
System.out.println("调用run方法的线程是:"+Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}

运行结果:

调用构造方法的线程是:main
调用run方法的线程是:Thread-0

isAlive():判断当前线程是否处于活动状态。活动状态就是线程已经启动尚未终止,线程处于正在运行或者开始准备运行状态。

public class IsAliveTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ThreadTest t = new ThreadTest();
System.out.println("t在活动状态吗?="+t.isAlive());
t.start();
System.out.println("t在活动状态吗?="+t.isAlive());
}
}
public class ThreadTest extends Thread{
public void run(){
System.out.println("run="+this.isAlive());
}
}

运行结果:

t在活动状态吗?=false
t在活动状态吗?=true
run=true

sleep():是在指定毫秒内让当前"正在运行的线程(currentThread()返回的方法)"休眠(暂停执行)

public class SleepTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ThreadTest t = new ThreadTest();
System.out.println("begin="+System.currentTimeMillis());//当前时间
t.run();
System.out.println("end="+System.currentTimeMillis());//休眠后时间
}
}
public class ThreadTest extends Thread{
public void run(){
System.out.println("run threadName:"+this.currentThread().getName()+" begin...");
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
System.out.println("run threadName:"+this.currentThread().getName()+" end...");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

运行结果:

begin=1492568214427
run threadName:main begin...
run threadName:main end...
end=1492568216428

修改上面代码:

public class SleepTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ThreadTest t = new ThreadTest();
System.out.println("begin="+System.currentTimeMillis());
t.start();
System.out.println("end="+System.currentTimeMillis());
}
}
public class ThreadTest extends Thread{
public void run(){
System.out.println("run threadName:"+this.currentThread().getName()+" begin= "+System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
System.out.println("run threadName:"+this.currentThread().getName()+" end= "+System.currentTimeMillis());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

运行结果:

begin=1492568593345
end=1492568593345
run threadName:Thread-0 begin= 1492568593345
run threadName:Thread-0 end= 1492568595346

因为main线程和ThreadTest线程是异步执行的,所以首先先打印main线程的begin和end,在运行ThereadTest,打印run begin和run end相关信息。

getId():获取当前线程的唯一标识符

public class CurrentThreadWay {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
ThreadTest t1 = new ThreadTest();
    ThreadTest t1 = new ThreadTest();
    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" "+Thread.currentThread().getId()); 
    t1.start();
    t2.start();
    System.out.println(t.getName()+" "+t1.getId());
    System.out.println(t2.getName()+" "+t2.getId());
  }
}

运行结果:

main 1
Thread-0 9
Thread-1 10

yield():作用是让当前线程放弃cpu执行权,让给别的线程去占用CPU执行时间,但放弃时间长短不确定,可能刚放弃,又抢回CPU的执行权。

public class YieldTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ThreadTest t = new ThreadTest();
t.start();
}
}

ThreadTest中run方法为:

public void run(){
long beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
int count = 0;
for(int i=0;i<500000;i++){
//Thread.yield();
count = count+i;
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("所需时间为:"+(endTime-beginTime)+"毫秒!");
}

结果为:2毫秒

去掉注释后为:93毫秒,CPU让给其他线程,导致结果变慢。

setPriority()和getPriority():

前者是设置线程优先级,后者是获得线程优先级。Java中优先级分为1~10级,超出这个范围会抛出Throw new IllegalArgumentException();

public class SetGetPriority {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"等级为:"
+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
//Thread.currentThread().setPriority(6);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"等级为:"
+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
ThreadTest t = new ThreadTest();
//t.setPriority(6);
t.start();
}
}
public void run(){
System.out.println(this.currentThread().getName()+"的等级为:"+this.getPriority());
}

输出为:

main等级为:5
main等级为:5
Thread-0的等级为:5

去掉注释后结果后:

main等级为:5
main等级为:6
Thread-0的等级为:6

线程默认优先级为5,优先级越高不一定越先执行完,只能说概率更大一些。

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