基于CentOS7.7的实践
安装docker
[root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# sed -i.bak '/SELINUX/s/enforcing/disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config #养成习惯，遇到要该重要文件时一定要进行备份 [root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config config config.bak [root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced. # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded. SELINUX=disabled # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values: # targeted - Targeted processes are protected, # minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. # mls - Multi Level Security protection. SELINUXTYPE=targeted [root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# setenforce 0 [root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# yum install epel-release -y [root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# yum install -y docker* -y
[root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# systemctl start docker.service
[root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# ps aux |grep docker
root 2683 1.1 2.7 570288 27768 ? Ssl 21:26 0:00 /usr/bin/dockerd-current --add-runtime docker-runc=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-runc-current --default-runtime=docker-runc --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd --userland-proxy-path=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-proxy-current --init-path=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-init-current --seccomp-profile=/etc/docker/seccomp.json --selinux-enabled --log-driver=journald --signature-verification=false --storage-driver overlay2
root 2689 0.1 1.2 283528 12148 ? Ssl 21:26 0:00 /usr/bin/docker-containerd-current -l unix:///var/run/docker/libcontainerd/docker-containerd.sock --metrics-interval=0 --start-timeout 2m --state-dir /var/run/docker/libcontainerd/containerd --shim docker-containerd-shim --runtime docker-runc --runtime-args --systemd-cgroup=true
root 2793 0.0 0.0 112660 968 pts/1 R+ 21:26 0:00 grep --color=auto docker
Docker 操作命令学习
日常管理
#启动一个容器
[root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# docker run -d -p 80:80 nginx
57daca58f3234b3ed1c0c49f8bce206d3747b061c1ad2503520ba85b1eaa7659
#查看正在运行的容器
[root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
57daca58f323 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 18 seconds ago Up 17 seconds 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp tender_rosalind
#查看容器的详细信息 docker container inspect 容器ID/名字
[root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# docker container inspect tender_rosalind
[
{
"Id": "57daca58f3234b3ed1c0c49f8bce206d3747b061c1ad2503520ba85b1eaa7659",
"Created": "2019-12-09T03:08:42.979805683Z",
"Path": "nginx",
"Args": [
"-g",
"daemon off;"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 4143,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2019-12-09T03:08:43.257214118Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:231d40e811cd970168fb0c4770f2161aa30b9ba6fe8e68527504df69643aa145",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/57daca58f3234b3ed1c0c49f8bce206d3747b061c1ad2503520ba85b1eaa7659/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/57daca58f3234b3ed1c0c49f8bce206d3747b061c1ad2503520ba85b1eaa7659/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/57daca58f3234b3ed1c0c49f8bce206d3747b061c1ad2503520ba85b1eaa7659/hosts",
"LogPath": "",
"Name": "/tender_rosalind",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"MountLabel": "system_u:object_r:svirt_sandbox_file_t:s0:c246,c607",
"ProcessLabel": "system_u:system_r:svirt_lxc_net_t:s0:c246,c607",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "journald",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {
"80/tcp": [
{
"HostIp": "",
"HostPort": "80"
}
]
},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "docker-runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DiskQuota": 0,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": -1,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": 0,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Name": "overlay2",
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/df6373adffc744a8396e287f8e7fe3326cf485889f68981031274ba337966ac0-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/721a9e19b0615db9b687a413e499a8884727f6896ba42a47c3684620289d9ff9/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9d7c6fbc079821bda3589ae33df6dc62f62afae05c2154da23a4d878528fa489/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/357055e9a696c77e2aa7130defff27b80a7ebe5069129e45168a81da0b32ca3c/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/df6373adffc744a8396e287f8e7fe3326cf485889f68981031274ba337966ac0/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/df6373adffc744a8396e287f8e7fe3326cf485889f68981031274ba337966ac0/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/df6373adffc744a8396e287f8e7fe3326cf485889f68981031274ba337966ac0/work"
}
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "57daca58f323",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"80/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"NGINX_VERSION=1.17.6",
"NJS_VERSION=0.3.7",
"PKG_RELEASE=1~buster"
],
"Cmd": [
"nginx",
"-g",
"daemon off;"
],
"ArgsEscaped": true,
"Image": "nginx",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"
},
"StopSignal": "SIGTERM"
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "a5bff1a44d5b4cfb37dc601f6e26b190b03d8e30d89c52f6554a25a7bef3734d",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {
"80/tcp": [
{
"HostIp": "0.0.0.0",
"HostPort": "80"
}
]
},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/a5bff1a44d5b",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "2bee43f56efdbff28351dbe961c3d4b3509f628dabc77024d2c29f85f7ed59ae",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "bf2d768e33d762a1f9f517428404b5d0a770923e2acf146cc9eb5d4897c93b21",
"EndpointID": "2bee43f56efdbff28351dbe961c3d4b3509f628dabc77024d2c29f85f7ed59ae",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02"
}
}
}
}
]
#查看所有容器，包括为运行的
[root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
57daca58f323 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp tender_rosalind
8c3df88580e1 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago awesome_shirley
3f81f9b8f12f nginx "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago quirky_heisenberg
23de68840b0d nginx "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 5 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago boring_liskov
#停止容器 docker stop 容器名字/ID
[root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# docker stop 57daca58f323
57daca58f323
[root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
#进入容器
#启动时，同时进入容器 -it 可交互终端
[root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# docker run -it nginx:latest /bin/bash
root@33e9a2e4e0e8:/# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys
root@33e9a2e4e0e8:/# ps
#启动之后进入容器的方法 定义一个终端接入容器
[root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
b4c47d44c605 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes tender_knuth
[root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# docker attach b4c47d44c605
[root@b4c47d44c605 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 06:32 ? 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 17 1 0 06:39 ? 00:00:00 ps -ef
[root@b4c47d44c605 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@b4c47d44c605 /]#
#exrc进入容器（常使用）重新定义一个新的终端
[root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# docker exec -it tender_knuth /bin/bash
[root@b4c47d44c605 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 06:32 ? 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 19 0 0 06:43 ? 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 32 19 0 06:43 ? 00:00:00 ps -ef
#退出容器的方法
ctrl+P 之后再按ctrl+q
#删除所有容器
[root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# docker rm -f `docker ps -a -q`
b4c47d44c605
3e3ce11cfbff
f1405381b509
84a0d129c23c
7949e73c03fb
7061a9c973cb
d0c1758092cb
de5de31bfe32
0fdef8d99ef8
7d213d2a3075
61f1ad0f7429
#自定义容器名字启动 --name
[root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# docker run -d -p 8080:80 --name q_nginx nginx:latest
481280637aeda016a5d45bbc8b53c36c2858c3380224c04c26d9cc1c8d54b710
[root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
481280637aed nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp q_nginx
d0c693b62af2 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes 0.0.0.0:8888->80/tcp optimistic_jepsen
#重命名容器
docker rename s_name d_name
#端口映射进行启动
[root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# docker run -d -p 8888:80 nginx:latest
d0c693b62af20d78f1674ab83861a859db8079db2189e36659178bf7f3a70a0c
[root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d0c693b62af2 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes 0.0.0.0:8888->80/tcp optimistic_jepsen
端口映射的设置规范如下：
镜像管理
#公共仓库nginx镜像下载 docker pull ios.name
[root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/nginx ...
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/nginx
000eee12ec04: Pull complete
eb22865337de: Pull complete
bee5d581ef8b: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:50cf965a6e08ec5784009d0fccb380fc479826b6e0e65684d9879170a9df8566
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/nginx:latest
#查看当前主机镜像列表
[root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# docker image list
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/nginx latest 231d40e811cd 2 weeks ago 126 MB
#导出镜像 docker image save ios.name > output.name
#一般我们导出的命名格式为 docker-ios.name.tar.gz
[root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# docker image save nginx > docker-nginx.tar.gz
[root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg Documents Music Templates
Desktop Downloads Pictures Videos
#删除镜像，首先要停止并删除镜像实例即容器docker image rm ios.name:TAG
[root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# docker image rm nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx:latest
Untagged: docker.io/nginx@sha256:50cf965a6e08ec5784009d0fccb380fc479826b6e0e65684d9879170a9df8566
Deleted: sha256:231d40e811cd970168fb0c4770f2161aa30b9ba6fe8e68527504df69643aa145
Deleted: sha256:dc8adf8fa0fc82a56c32efac9d0da5f84153888317c88ab55123d9e71777bc62
Deleted: sha256:77fcff986d3b13762e4777046b9210a109fda20cb261bd3bbe5d7161d4e73c8e
Deleted: sha256:831c5620387fb9efec59fc82a42b948546c6be601e3ab34a87108ecf852aa15f
[root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# docker image list
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
#导入之前导出的镜像，docker image load -i docker.ios.load.name
[root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# docker image load -i docker-nginx.tar.gz
831c5620387f: Loading layer 72.48 MB/72.48 MB
5fb987d2e54d: Loading layer 57.67 MB/57.67 MB
4fc1aa8003a3: Loading layer 3.584 kB/3.584 kB
Loaded image: docker.io/nginx:latest
[root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# docker image list
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/nginx latest 231d40e811cd 2 weeks ago 126 M
#查看镜像详细信息，docker image inspect ios.name
[root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv ~]# docker image inspect nginx
[
{
"Id": "sha256:231d40e811cd970168fb0c4770f2161aa30b9ba6fe8e68527504df69643aa145",
"RepoTags": [
"docker.io/nginx:latest"
],
"RepoDigests": [],
"Parent": "",
"Comment": "",
"Created": "2019-11-23T01:12:31.219881158Z",
"Container": "806a0a78bcfee5212b2530e6f2a7e3f8eec5b51cc55d7a28935f5f8c8bd45826",
"ContainerConfig": {
"Hostname": "806a0a78bcfe",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"80/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"NGINX_VERSION=1.17.6",
"NJS_VERSION=0.3.7",
"PKG_RELEASE=1~buster"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"#(nop) ",
"CMD [\"nginx\" \"-g\" \"daemon off;\"]"
],
"ArgsEscaped": true,
"Image": "sha256:f96d70a1d708239afa79b86f1e005c033864d22dabe94b466acba087d5bbc722",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"
},
"StopSignal": "SIGTERM"
},
"DockerVersion": "18.06.1-ce",
"Author": "",
"Config": {
"Hostname": "",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"80/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"NGINX_VERSION=1.17.6",
"NJS_VERSION=0.3.7",
"PKG_RELEASE=1~buster"
],
"Cmd": [
"nginx",
"-g",
"daemon off;"
],
"ArgsEscaped": true,
"Image": "sha256:f96d70a1d708239afa79b86f1e005c033864d22dabe94b466acba087d5bbc722",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"
},
"StopSignal": "SIGTERM"
},
"Architecture": "amd64",
"Os": "linux",
"Size": 126323486,
"VirtualSize": 126323486,
"GraphDriver": {
"Name": "overlay2",
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9d7c6fbc079821bda3589ae33df6dc62f62afae05c2154da23a4d878528fa489/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/357055e9a696c77e2aa7130defff27b80a7ebe5069129e45168a81da0b32ca3c/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/721a9e19b0615db9b687a413e499a8884727f6896ba42a47c3684620289d9ff9/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/721a9e19b0615db9b687a413e499a8884727f6896ba42a47c3684620289d9ff9/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/721a9e19b0615db9b687a413e499a8884727f6896ba42a47c3684620289d9ff9/work"
}
},
"RootFS": {
"Type": "layers",
"Layers": [
"sha256:831c5620387fb9efec59fc82a42b948546c6be601e3ab34a87108ecf852aa15f",
"sha256:5fb987d2e54d85820d95d6c31f3fe4cd95bf71fe6d9d9e4684082cb551b728b0",
"sha256:4fc1aa8003a3d0d2481f10d17773869cbff12c1008df30e0bab8259086a0311c"
]
}
}
]