前言：介绍活动关节，并使机器人活动起来。

参考自：http://wiki.ros.org/urdf/Tutorials/Building%20a%20Movable%20Robot%20Model%20with%20URDF

一、修改urdf文件

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<robot name="visual">

<material name="blue">
    <color rgba="0 0 0.8 1"/>
  </material>
  <material name="black">
    <color rgba="0 0 0 1"/>
  </material>
  <material name="white">
    <color rgba="1 1 1 1"/>
  </material>

  <link name="base_link">
    <visual>
      <geometry>
        <cylinder length="0.6" radius="0.2"/>
      </geometry>
      <material name="blue"/>
    </visual>
  </link>

  <link name="right_leg">
    <visual>
      <geometry>
        <box size="0.6 0.1 0.2"/>
      </geometry>
      <origin rpy="0 1.57075 0" xyz="0 0 -0.3"/>
      <material name="white"/>
    </visual>
  </link>

  <joint name="base_to_right_leg" type="fixed">
    <parent link="base_link"/>
    <child link="right_leg"/>
    <origin xyz="0 -0.22 0.25"/>
  </joint>

  <link name="right_base">
    <visual>
      <geometry>
        <box size="0.4 0.1 0.1"/>
      </geometry>
      <material name="white"/>
    </visual>
  </link>

  <joint name="right_base_joint" type="fixed">
    <parent link="right_leg"/>
    <child link="right_base"/>
    <origin xyz="0 0 -0.6"/>
  </joint>

  <link name="right_front_wheel">
    <visual>
      <origin rpy="1.57075 0 0" xyz="0 0 0"/>
      <geometry>
        <cylinder length="0.1" radius="0.035"/>
      </geometry>
      <material name="black"/>
      <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0 0 0"/>
    </visual>
  </link>
  <joint name="right_front_wheel_joint" type="continuous">
    <axis rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0 1 0"/>
    <parent link="right_base"/>
    <child link="right_front_wheel"/>
    <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0.133333333333 0 -0.085"/>
  </joint>

  <link name="right_back_wheel">
    <visual>
      <origin rpy="1.57075 0 0" xyz="0 0 0"/>
      <geometry>
        <cylinder length="0.1" radius="0.035"/>
      </geometry>
      <material name="black"/>
    </visual>
  </link>
  <joint name="right_back_wheel_joint" type="continuous">
    <axis rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0 1 0"/>
    <parent link="right_base"/>
    <child link="right_back_wheel"/>
    <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="-0.133333333333 0 -0.085"/>
  </joint>

  <link name="left_leg">
    <visual>
      <geometry>
        <box size="0.6 0.1 0.2"/>
      </geometry>
      <origin rpy="0 1.57075 0" xyz="0 0 -0.3"/>
      <material name="white"/>
    </visual>
  </link>

  <joint name="base_to_left_leg" type="fixed">
    <parent link="base_link"/>
    <child link="left_leg"/>
    <origin xyz="0 0.22 0.25"/>
  </joint>

  <link name="left_base">
    <visual>
      <geometry>
        <box size="0.4 0.1 0.1"/>
      </geometry>
      <material name="white"/>
    </visual>
  </link>

  <joint name="left_base_joint" type="fixed">
    <parent link="left_leg"/>
    <child link="left_base"/>
    <origin xyz="0 0 -0.6"/>
  </joint>

  <link name="left_front_wheel">
    <visual>
      <origin rpy="1.57075 0 0" xyz="0 0 0"/>
      <geometry>
        <cylinder length="0.1" radius="0.035"/>
      </geometry>
      <material name="black"/>
    </visual>
  </link>
  <joint name="left_front_wheel_joint" type="continuous">
    <axis rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0 1 0"/>
    <parent link="left_base"/>
    <child link="left_front_wheel"/>
    <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0.133333333333 0 -0.085"/>
  </joint>

  <link name="left_back_wheel">
    <visual>
      <origin rpy="1.57075 0 0" xyz="0 0 0"/>
      <geometry>
        <cylinder length="0.1" radius="0.035"/>
      </geometry>
      <material name="black"/>
    </visual>
  </link>
  <joint name="left_back_wheel_joint" type="continuous">
    <axis rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0 1 0"/>
    <parent link="left_base"/>
    <child link="left_back_wheel"/>
    <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="-0.133333333333 0 -0.085"/>
  </joint>

  <joint name="gripper_extension" type="prismatic">
    <parent link="base_link"/>
    <child link="gripper_pole"/>
    <limit effort="1000.0" lower="-0.38" upper="0" velocity="0.5"/>
    <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0.19 0 0.2"/>
  </joint>

  <link name="gripper_pole">
    <visual>
      <geometry>
        <cylinder length="0.2" radius="0.01"/>
      </geometry>
      <origin rpy="0 1.57075 0 " xyz="0.1 0 0"/>
    </visual>
  </link>

  <joint name="left_gripper_joint" type="revolute">
    <axis xyz="0 0 1"/>
    <limit effort="1000.0" lower="0.0" upper="0.548" velocity="0.5"/>
    <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0.2 0.01 0"/>
    <parent link="gripper_pole"/>
    <child link="left_gripper"/>
  </joint>

  <link name="left_gripper">
    <visual>
      <origin rpy="0.0 0 0" xyz="0 0 0"/>
      <geometry>
        <mesh filename="package://urdf_tutorial/meshes/l_finger.dae"/>
      </geometry>
    </visual>
  </link>

  <joint name="left_tip_joint" type="fixed">
    <parent link="left_gripper"/>
    <child link="left_tip"/>
  </joint>

  <link name="left_tip">
    <visual>
      <origin rpy="0.0 0 0" xyz="0.09137 0.00495 0"/>
      <geometry>
        <mesh filename="package://urdf_tutorial/meshes/l_finger_tip.dae"/>
      </geometry>
    </visual>
  </link>
  <joint name="right_gripper_joint" type="revolute">
    <axis xyz="0 0 -1"/>
    <limit effort="1000.0" lower="0.0" upper="0.548" velocity="0.5"/>
    <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0.2 -0.01 0"/>
    <parent link="gripper_pole"/>
    <child link="right_gripper"/>
  </joint>

  <link name="right_gripper">
    <visual>
      <origin rpy="-3.1415 0 0" xyz="0 0 0"/>
      <geometry>
        <mesh filename="package://urdf_tutorial/meshes/l_finger.dae"/>
      </geometry>
    </visual>
  </link>

  <joint name="right_tip_joint" type="fixed">
    <parent link="right_gripper"/>
    <child link="right_tip"/>
  </joint>

  <link name="right_tip">
    <visual>
      <origin rpy="-3.1415 0 0" xyz="0.09137 0.00495 0"/>
      <geometry>
        <mesh filename="package://urdf_tutorial/meshes/l_finger_tip.dae"/>
      </geometry>
    </visual>
  </link>

  <link name="head">
    <visual>
      <geometry>
        <sphere radius="0.2"/>
      </geometry>
      <material name="white"/>
    </visual>
  </link>
  <joint name="head_swivel" type="continuous">
    <parent link="base_link"/>
    <child link="head"/>
    <axis xyz="0 0 1"/>
    <origin xyz="0 0 0.3"/>
  </joint>

  <link name="box">
    <visual>
      <geometry>
        <box size="0.08 0.08 0.08"/>
      </geometry>
      <material name="blue"/>
    </visual>
  </link>

  <joint name="tobox" type="fixed">
    <parent link="head"/>
    <child link="box"/>
    <origin xyz="0.1814 0 0.1414"/>
  </joint>
</robot>

View Code

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代码解析：

<joint name="head_swivel" type="continuous">关节为连续型
    <parent link="base_link"/>
    <child link="head"/>
    <axis xyz="0 0 1"/>限制只绕z轴旋转
    <origin xyz="0 0 0.3"/>
</joint>

<joint name="left_gripper_joint" type="revolute">关节为旋转型
    <axis xyz="0 0 1"/>
    <limit effort="1000.0" lower="0.0" upper="0.548" velocity="0.5"/>限定最大力度1000N，绕z周旋转弧度为0弧度-0.548弧度，最大速度为0.5m/s
    <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0.2 0.01 0"/>
    <parent link="gripper_pole"/>
    <child link="left_gripper"/>
</joint>

<joint name="gripper_extension" type="prismatic">关节类型为棱柱型，只能沿着轴移动，不能沿着轴转动。
    <parent link="base_link"/>
    <child link="gripper_pole"/>
    <limit effort="1000.0" lower="-0.38" upper="0" velocity="0.5"/>
    <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0.19 0 0.2"/>
  </joint>

二、运行launch文件

当您在GUI中移动滑块时，模型将在Rviz中移动。这是怎么做到的？首先，GUI解析URDF并找到所有非固定关节及其限制。然后，它使用滑块的值来发布sensor_msgs / JointState消息。然后robot_state_publisher使用它们来计算不同部分之间的所有变换。然后，生成的变换树用于显示Rviz中的所有形状。

 

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