springmvc环境搭建以及常见问题解决

1.新建maven工程

a)  打开eclipse,file->new->project->Maven->Maven Project

springmvc环境搭建以及常见问题解决

b)  下一步

springmvc环境搭建以及常见问题解决

c)   选择创建的工程为webapp,下一步

springmvc环境搭建以及常见问题解决

d)   填写项目的group id和artifact id。一般情况下,group id写域名的倒序,artifact id写项目名称即可。最后点完成。

springmvc环境搭建以及常见问题解决

e)   最初建好后,项目目录结构如下

springmvc环境搭建以及常见问题解决

f)   一般的项目目录中,还有src/main/java,src/main/test/java,src/main/test/resources这 三个source folder,需要手动创建。

2. 修改项目基本设置

a)    右键此项目名称->Properties->Java Build path,点击source标签。

springmvc环境搭建以及常见问题解决

b)  将上missing的文件夹删除,然后重新添加,如下:

springmvc环境搭建以及常见问题解决

c)   重新添加之后的效果如下:

springmvc环境搭建以及常见问题解决

d)   如果某些folder不想 build path,直接remove就行了(本人只选择了src/main/java, 和 src/main/resources),最终如下:

springmvc环境搭建以及常见问题解决

e)  修改jre系统

springmvc环境搭建以及常见问题解决

springmvc环境搭建以及常见问题解决

f)  修改java compiler compliance level 与 jre系统的level一致

springmvc环境搭建以及常见问题解决

g) 修改Project Facets

springmvc环境搭建以及常见问题解决

Dynamic Web Module无法在这里直接修改为3.0,需要打开工程目录下有一个.settings文件夹,打开org.eclipse.wst.common.project.facet.core.xml,做如下修改:

<installed facet="jst.web" version="3.0"/>

重启eclipe就可以看到更改生效了。

3.必要的配置文件

在Java Resources/scr/main/resources目录下,创建configs文件夹,以便存放在web.xml中声明的配置路径

springmvc环境搭建以及常见问题解决

applicationContext.xml (Spring的公共配置文件)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xmlns:repo="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/repository"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/repository http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/repository/spring-repository-1.7.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd "
default-lazy-init="true"> <description>Spring公共配置</description> <!-- 使用annotation 自动注册bean, 并保证@Required、@Autowired的属性被注入 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.ds">
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice" />
</context:component-scan> </beans>

spring-mvc-config.xml (springmvc的配置文件)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="com.ds"
use-default-filters="false">
<context:include-filter type="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
<context:include-filter type="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice" />
</context:component-scan> <!-- json Converter配置 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<constructor-arg value="UTF-8" />
</bean>
<bean
class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
<property name="prettyPrint" value="true" />
</bean>
</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven> <bean id="freemarkerConfigurer"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerConfigurer">
<property name="templateLoaderPath" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />
<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
<property name="freemarkerSettings">
<props>
<prop key="template_update_delay">10</prop>
<prop key="locale">zh_CN</prop>
<prop key="datetime_format">yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss</prop>
<prop key="date_format">yyyy-MM-dd</prop>
<prop key="defaultEncoding">utf-8</prop>
</props>
</property>
<property name="freemarkerVariables">
<map>
<entry key="ctx" value="/demo" />
</map>
</property>
</bean> <bean id="viewResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass"
value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView" />
<property name="suffix" value=".ftl" />
<property name="contentType" value="text/html;charset=UTF-8" />
<property name="exposeRequestAttributes" value="true" />
<property name="exposeSessionAttributes" value="true" />
<property name="exposeSpringMacroHelpers" value="true" />
<property name="requestContextAttribute" value="request" />
<!-- 多ViewResovler配置 ,值越小就优先解析,这里的配置是 先找 ftl,再去找 mv ,最后去找jsp文件 -->
<property name="order" value="1" />
<property name="cache" value="true" /> </bean> <bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
<property name="order" value="2" />
</bean> <mvc:default-servlet-handler /> </beans>

web.xml配置文件

springmvc环境搭建以及常见问题解决

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  

<web-app
version="3.0"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"> <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<description>sprintMVC环境搭建</description>
<!-- 加载Spring配置文件 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:/config/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param> <!-- Spring监听 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener> <!-- Spring MVC配置 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>Dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 自定义spring mvc的配置文件名称和路径 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:config/spring-mvc-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet> <!-- spring mvc 请求后缀 -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>Dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

最后添加工程依赖的jar包,也就是配置pom.xml, 最终效果图如下

  注:其实测试的话没有必要依赖这么多了,只需要将spring-webmvc依赖上就行了。

springmvc环境搭建以及常见问题解决

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.springmvc</groupId>
<artifactId>test</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>dsdemo Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <profiles>
<profile>
<id>jdk-1.7</id>
<!-- 另外一种激活方式 -->
<activation>
<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
<jdk>1.7</jdk>
</activation>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
<maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.7</maven.compiler.compilerVersion>
</properties>
</profile>
</profiles> <dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>io.springside</groupId>
<artifactId>springside-core</artifactId>
<version>4.3.0-RELEASE</version>
<classifier>RELEASE</classifier>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.freemarker</groupId>
<artifactId>freemarker</artifactId>
<version>2.3.20</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>4.1.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency> <!-- jackson api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>2.1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
<version>2.1.0</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>net.sf.json-lib</groupId>
<artifactId>json-lib</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
<classifier>jdk15</classifier>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.35</version>
</dependency> <!-- hibernate begin -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>4.3.5.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-ehcache</artifactId>
<version>4.3.5.Final</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId>
<artifactId>ehcache-core</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>4.3.5.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>5.0.3.Final</version>
</dependency>
<!-- hibernate end --> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
<version>1.9.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency> </dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>test</finalName>
</build>
</project>

4.简单的测试

  写一个简单的Controller,放在src/main/java文件夹下。然后写一个hello.jsp文件或者hello.ftl文件放在WEB-INF/views目录下,因为在spring-mvc-config.xml中已经指定了<property name="templateLoaderPath" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />(freemarker视图解析器) 和  <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />(InternalResourceViewResolver视图解析器)视图文件的位置。

Controller

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller

public class HelloController {

         @RequestMapping("/hello")

         public ModelAndView hello(){

                   ModelAndView mv =new ModelAndView();

                   mv.addObject("spring", "spring mvc");

                   mv.setViewName("hello");

                   return mv;

         }

}

hello.jsp

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

         <head>

                   <meta charset="utf-8">

                   <title>sprint hello</title>

         </head>

         <body>hello ${spring}!

         </body>

</html>

5.常见问题解决

a)  工程项目有小红叉,但是却找不到错误

  window->show view->problems, 查看错误如下:

  Dynamic Web Module 3.0 requires Java 1.6 or newer.    test        line 1    Maven Java EE Configuration Problem

Java compiler level does not match the version of the installed Java project facet.    test  Unknown    Faceted Project Problem (Java Version Mismatch)

  解决办法:

  在pom.xml中添加如下代码, 然后右键项目->maven->update project

 <profiles>
<profile>
<id>jdk-1.7</id>
<!-- 另外一种激活方式 -->
<activation>
<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
<jdk>1.7</jdk>
</activation>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
<maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.7</maven.compiler.compilerVersion>
</properties>
</profile>
</profiles>

b) 用tomcat启动工程时出现 如下的错误:

严重: Error configuring application listener of class org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1305)
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1139)
at org.apache.catalina.core.DefaultInstanceManager.loadClass(DefaultInstanceManager.java:518)
at org.apache.catalina.core.DefaultInstanceManager.loadClassMaybePrivileged(DefaultInstanceManager.java:499)
at org.apache.catalina.core.DefaultInstanceManager.newInstance(DefaultInstanceManager.java:118)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4733)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5251)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:147)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1408)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1398)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)

  解决办法:右键项目->properties->Deployment Assembly, 然后添加 maven dependencies

springmvc环境搭建以及常见问题解决

  springmvc环境搭建以及常见问题解决   

 springmvc环境搭建以及常见问题解决

c) 采用uuid主键生成策略遇到的问题

  No generator named "uuid" is defined in the persistence unit

springmvc环境搭建以及常见问题解决

  解决办法:右键项目->properties->JPA->Errors/Warnings, 或者 window->preferences->java persistence->JPA->Errors/Warnings

springmvc环境搭建以及常见问题解决

d)maven工程在tomcat中的结构

  maven工程的src/main/webapp 中的内容会在tomcat项目的根目录下,还有就是maven工程的target中的classes文件夹会在tomcat项目的根目录下。

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