springmvc环境搭建以及常见问题解决

2022-11-01 20:42:05

1.新建maven工程

a) 打开eclipse，file->new->project->Maven->Maven Project

b) 下一步

c) 选择创建的工程为webapp，下一步

d) 填写项目的group id和artifact id。一般情况下，group id写域名的倒序，artifact id写项目名称即可。最后点完成。

e) 最初建好后，项目目录结构如下

f) 一般的项目目录中，还有src/main/java，src/main/test/java，src/main/test/resources这三个source folder,需要手动创建。

2. 修改项目基本设置

a) 右键此项目名称->Properties->Java Build path，点击source标签。

b) 将上missing的文件夹删除，然后重新添加，如下：

c) 重新添加之后的效果如下：

d) 如果某些folder不想 build path，直接remove就行了（本人只选择了src/main/java, 和 src/main/resources），最终如下：

e) 修改jre系统

f) 修改java compiler compliance level 与 jre系统的level一致

g) 修改Project Facets

Dynamic Web Module无法在这里直接修改为3.0，需要打开工程目录下有一个.settings文件夹，打开org.eclipse.wst.common.project.facet.core.xml，做如下修改：

<installed facet="jst.web" version="3.0"/>

重启eclipe就可以看到更改生效了。

3.必要的配置文件

在Java Resources/scr/main/resources目录下，创建configs文件夹，以便存放在web.xml中声明的配置路径

applicationContext.xml (Spring的公共配置文件)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

    xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xmlns:repo="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/repository"

    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd

        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd

        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd

        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd

        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/repository http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/repository/spring-repository-1.7.xsd

        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd

            http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd "

    default-lazy-init="true">

    <description>Spring公共配置</description>

    <!-- 使用annotation 自动注册bean, 并保证@Required、@Autowired的属性被注入 -->

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.ds">

        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation"

            expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />

        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation"

            expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice" />

    </context:component-scan>

</beans>

spring-mvc-config.xml (springmvc的配置文件)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd

        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd

        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">

     <context:component-scan base-package="com.ds"

        use-default-filters="false">

        <context:include-filter type="annotation"

            expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />

        <context:include-filter type="annotation"

            expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice" />

     </context:component-scan>

    <!-- json Converter配置     -->

    <mvc:annotation-driven>

        <mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">

            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">

                <constructor-arg value="UTF-8" />

            </bean>

            <bean

                class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">

                <property name="prettyPrint" value="true" />

            </bean>

        </mvc:message-converters>

    </mvc:annotation-driven>

    <bean id="freemarkerConfigurer"

        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerConfigurer">

        <property name="templateLoaderPath" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />

        <property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />

        <property name="freemarkerSettings">

            <props>

                <prop key="template_update_delay">10</prop>

                <prop key="locale">zh_CN</prop>

                <prop key="datetime_format">yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss</prop>

                <prop key="date_format">yyyy-MM-dd</prop>

                <prop key="defaultEncoding">utf-8</prop>

            </props>

        </property>

        <property name="freemarkerVariables">

            <map>

                <entry key="ctx" value="/demo" />

            </map>

        </property>

    </bean> 

    <bean id="viewResolver"

        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerViewResolver">

        <property name="viewClass"

            value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView" />

        <property name="suffix" value=".ftl" />

        <property name="contentType" value="text/html;charset=UTF-8" />

        <property name="exposeRequestAttributes" value="true" />

        <property name="exposeSessionAttributes" value="true" />

        <property name="exposeSpringMacroHelpers" value="true" />

        <property name="requestContextAttribute" value="request" />

        <!-- 多ViewResovler配置 ，值越小就优先解析，这里的配置是 先找 ftl，再去找 mv ,最后去找jsp文件 -->

        <property name="order" value="1" />

        <property name="cache" value="true" />

    </bean>

    <bean

        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">

        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />

        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />

        <property name="order" value="2" />

    </bean>

    <mvc:default-servlet-handler />

</beans>

web.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  

<web-app

    version="3.0"

    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">  

  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>

  <description>sprintMVC环境搭建</description>

         <!-- 加载Spring配置文件 -->

         <context-param>

             <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>

             <param-value>classpath:/config/applicationContext.xml</param-value>

         </context-param>

         <!-- Spring监听 -->

         <listener>

             <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>

         </listener>

         <!-- Spring MVC配置 -->

         <servlet>

             <servlet-name>Dispatcher</servlet-name>

             <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

             <!-- 自定义spring mvc的配置文件名称和路径 -->

             <init-param>

                  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>

                  <param-value>classpath:config/spring-mvc-config.xml</param-value>

             </init-param>

             <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

         </servlet>

         <!-- spring mvc 请求后缀 -->

         <servlet-mapping>

            <servlet-name>Dispatcher</servlet-name>

            <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>

         </servlet-mapping>

         <welcome-file-list>

            <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>

         </welcome-file-list>

</web-app>

最后添加工程依赖的jar包，也就是配置pom.xml, 最终效果图如下

　　注：其实测试的话没有必要依赖这么多了，只需要将spring-webmvc依赖上就行了。

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">

  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.springmvc</groupId>

  <artifactId>test</artifactId>

  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

  <name>dsdemo Maven Webapp</name>

  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <profiles>

    <profile>

        <id>jdk-1.7</id>

        <!-- 另外一种激活方式 -->

        <activation>

            <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>

            <jdk>1.7</jdk>

        </activation>

        <properties>

            <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>

            <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>

            <maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.7</maven.compiler.compilerVersion>

        </properties>

    </profile>

  </profiles>

  <dependencies>

    <dependency>

      <groupId>junit</groupId>

      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>

      <version>3.8.1</version>

      <scope>test</scope>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

        <groupId>io.springside</groupId>

        <artifactId>springside-core</artifactId>

        <version>4.3.0-RELEASE</version>

        <classifier>RELEASE</classifier>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>

        <version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>

        <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>

        <version>3.1.0</version>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

        <groupId>org.freemarker</groupId>

        <artifactId>freemarker</artifactId>

        <version>2.3.20</version>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

        <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>

        <version>4.1.9.RELEASE</version>

    </dependency>

   <!-- jackson api -->

    <dependency>

          <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>

          <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>

          <version>2.1.0</version>

      </dependency>

      <dependency>

          <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>

          <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>

          <version>2.1.0</version>

      </dependency>

      <dependency>

          <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>

          <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>

          <version>2.1.0</version>

      </dependency>

      <dependency>

          <groupId>net.sf.json-lib</groupId>

          <artifactId>json-lib</artifactId>

          <version>2.4</version>

          <classifier>jdk15</classifier>

      </dependency>

      <dependency>

        <groupId>mysql</groupId>

        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>

        <version>5.1.35</version>

      </dependency>

      <!-- hibernate begin -->

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>

            <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>

            <version>4.3.5.Final</version>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>

            <artifactId>hibernate-ehcache</artifactId>

            <version>4.3.5.Final</version>

            <exclusions>

                <exclusion>

                    <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>

                    <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>

                </exclusion>

                <exclusion>

                    <groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId>

                    <artifactId>ehcache-core</artifactId>

                </exclusion>

            </exclusions>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>

            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>

            <version>4.3.5.Final</version>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>

            <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>

            <version>5.0.3.Final</version>

        </dependency>

        <!-- hibernate end -->

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>

            <version>1.9.4.RELEASE</version>

        </dependency>

  </dependencies>

  <build>

    <finalName>test</finalName>

  </build>

</project>

4.简单的测试

　　写一个简单的Controller，放在src/main/java文件夹下。然后写一个hello.jsp文件或者hello.ftl文件放在WEB-INF/views目录下，因为在spring-mvc-config.xml中已经指定了<property name="templateLoaderPath" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />（freemarker视图解析器）和 <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />（InternalResourceViewResolver视图解析器）视图文件的位置。

Controller

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller

public class HelloController {

         @RequestMapping("/hello")

         public ModelAndView hello(){

                   ModelAndView mv =new ModelAndView();

                   mv.addObject("spring", "spring mvc");

                   mv.setViewName("hello");

                   return mv;

         }

}

hello.jsp

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

         <head>

                   <meta charset="utf-8">

                   <title>sprint hello</title>

         </head>

         <body>hello ${spring}!

         </body>

</html>

5.常见问题解决

a) 工程项目有小红叉，但是却找不到错误

　　window->show view->problems, 查看错误如下：

　　Dynamic Web Module 3.0 requires Java 1.6 or newer. test line 1 Maven Java EE Configuration Problem

Java compiler level does not match the version of the installed Java project facet. test Unknown Faceted Project Problem (Java Version Mismatch)

　　解决办法：

　　在pom.xml中添加如下代码，然后右键项目->maven->update project

 <profiles>

    <profile>

        <id>jdk-1.7</id>

        <!-- 另外一种激活方式 -->

        <activation>

            <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>

            <jdk>1.7</jdk>

        </activation>

        <properties>

            <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>

            <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>

            <maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.7</maven.compiler.compilerVersion>

        </properties>

    </profile>

  </profiles>

b) 用tomcat启动工程时出现如下的错误：

严重: Error configuring application listener of class org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener

java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener

    at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1305)

    at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1139)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.DefaultInstanceManager.loadClass(DefaultInstanceManager.java:518)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.DefaultInstanceManager.loadClassMaybePrivileged(DefaultInstanceManager.java:499)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.DefaultInstanceManager.newInstance(DefaultInstanceManager.java:118)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4733)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5251)

    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:147)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1408)

    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1398)

    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)

    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)

    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)

    at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)

　　解决办法：右键项目->properties->Deployment Assembly, 然后添加 maven dependencies