Install Docker on Mac OS X(转)

2022-10-31 08:32:01

Install Docker on Mac OS X

You can install Docker using Boot2Docker to run docker commands at your command-line. Choose this installation if you are familiar with the command-line or plan to contribute to the Docker project on GitHub.

Alternatively, you may want to try Kitematic, an application that lets you set up Docker and run containers using a graphical user interface (GUI).

Command-line Docker with Boot2Docker

Because the Docker daemon uses Linux-specific kernel features, you can't run Docker natively in OS X. Instead, you must install the Boot2Docker application. The application includes a VirtualBox Virtual Machine (VM), Docker itself, and the Boot2Docker management tool.

The Boot2Docker management tool is a lightweight Linux virtual machine made specifically to run the Docker daemon on Mac OS X. The VirtualBox VM runs completely from RAM, is a small ~24MB download, and boots in approximately 5s.

Requirements

Your Mac must be running OS X 10.6 "Snow Leopard" or newer to run Boot2Docker.

Learn the key concepts before installing

In a Docker installation on Linux, your machine is both the localhost and the Docker host. In networking, localhost means your computer. The Docker host is the machine on which the containers run.

On a typical Linux installation, the Docker client, the Docker daemon, and any containers run directly on your localhost. This means you can address ports on a Docker container using standard localhost addressing such as localhost:8000 or 0.0.0.0:8376.

In an OS X installation, the docker daemon is running inside a Linux virtual machine provided by Boot2Docker.

In OS X, the Docker host address is the address of the Linux VM. When you start the boot2dockerprocess, the VM is assigned an IP address. Under boot2docker ports on a container map to ports on the VM. To see this in practice, work through the exercises on this page.

Install Boot2Docker

Go to the boot2docker/osx-installerrelease page.
Download Boot2Docker by clicking Boot2Docker-x.x.x.pkg in the "Downloads" section.
Install Boot2Docker by double-clicking the package.

The installer places Boot2Docker in your "Applications" folder.

The installation places the docker and boot2docker binaries in your /usr/local/bin directory.

Start the Boot2Docker Application

To run a Docker container, you first start the boot2docker VM and then issue docker commands to create, load, and manage containers. You can launch boot2docker from your Applications folder or from the command line.

NOTE: Boot2Docker is designed as a development tool. You should not use it in production environments.

From the Applications folder

When you launch the "Boot2Docker" application from your "Applications" folder, the application:

opens a terminal window
creates a $HOME/.boot2docker directory
creates a VirtualBox ISO and certs
starts a VirtualBox VM running the docker daemon

Once the launch completes, you can run docker commands. A good way to verify your setup succeeded is to run the hello-world container.

    $ docker run hello-world
    Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
    511136ea3c5a: Pull complete
    31cbccb51277: Pull complete
    e45a5af57b00: Pull complete
    hello-world:latest: The image you are pulling has been verified. Important: image verification is a tech preview feature and should not be relied on to provide security.
    Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
    Hello from Docker.
    This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

    To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
     1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
     2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
        (Assuming it was not already locally available.)
     3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
        executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
     4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
        to your terminal.

    To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
     $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

    For more examples and ideas, visit:
     http://docs.docker.com/userguide/

A more typical way to start and stop boot2docker is using the command line.

From your command line

Initialize and run boot2docker from the command line, do the following:

Create a new Boot2Docker VM.
```
$ boot2docker init
```
This creates a new virtual machine. You only need to run this command once.
Start the boot2docker VM.
```
$ boot2docker start
```

Display the environment variables for the Docker client.

$ boot2docker shellinit
Writing /Users/mary/.boot2docker/certs/boot2docker-vm/ca.pem
Writing /Users/mary/.boot2docker/certs/boot2docker-vm/cert.pem
Writing /Users/mary/.boot2docker/certs/boot2docker-vm/key.pem
    export DOCKER_HOST=tcp://192.168.59.103:2376
    export DOCKER_CERT_PATH=/Users/mary/.boot2docker/certs/boot2docker-vm
    export DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY=1

The specific paths and address on your machine will be different.

To set the environment variables in your shell do the following:
```
$ eval "$(boot2docker shellinit)"
```
You can also set them manually by using the export commands boot2docker returns.
Run the hello-world container to verify your setup.
```
$ docker run hello-world
```

Basic Boot2Docker Exercises

At this point, you should have boot2docker running and the docker client environment initialized. To verify this, run the following commands:

$ boot2docker status
$ docker version

Work through this section to try some practical container tasks using boot2docker VM.

Access container ports

Start an NGINX container on the DOCKER_HOST.
```
$ docker run -d -P --name web nginx
```
Normally, the docker run commands starts a container, runs it, and then exits. The -d flag keeps the container running in the background after the docker run command completes. The -P flag publishes exposed ports from the container to your local host; this lets you access them from your Mac.

Display your running container with docker ps command

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                           NAMES
5fb65ff765e9        nginx:latest        "nginx -g 'daemon of   3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes        0.0.0.0:49156->443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:49157->80/tcp   web

At this point, you can see nginx is running as a daemon.

View just the container's ports.
```
$ docker port web
443/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:49156
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:49157
```
This tells you that the web container's port 80 is mapped to port 49157 on your Docker host.
Enter the http://localhost:49157 address (localhost is 0.0.0.0) in your browser:

This didn't work. The reason it doesn't work is your DOCKER_HOST address is not the localhost address (0.0.0.0) but is instead the address of the boot2docker VM.
Get the address of the boot2docker VM.
```
$ boot2docker ip
192.168.59.103
```
Enter the http://192.168.59.103:49157 address in your browser:

Success!
To stop and then remove your running nginx container, do the following:
```
$ docker stop web
$ docker rm web
```

Mount a volume on the container

When you start boot2docker, it automatically shares your /Users directory with the VM. You can use this share point to mount directories onto your container. The next exercise demonstrates how to do this.

Change to your user $HOME directory.
```
$ cd $HOME
```
Make a new site directory.
```
$ mkdir site
```
Change into the site directory.
```
$ cd site
```
Create a new index.html file.
```
$ echo "my new site" > index.html
```
Start a new nginx container and replace the html folder with your site directory.
```
$ docker run -d -P -v $HOME/site:/usr/share/nginx/html --name mysite nginx
```

Get the mysite container's port.

$ docker port mysite
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:49166
443/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:49165

Open the site in a browser:
Try adding a page to your $HOME/site in real time.
```
$ echo "This is cool" > cool.html
```
Open the new page in the browser.
Stop and then remove your running mysite container.
```
$ docker stop mysite
$ docker rm mysite
```

Upgrade Boot2Docker

If you running Boot2Docker 1.4.1 or greater, you can upgrade Boot2Docker from the command line. If you are running an older version, you should use the package provided by the boot2docker repository.

From the command line

To upgrade from 1.4.1 or greater, you can do this:

Open a terminal on your local machine.
Stop the boot2docker application.
```
$ boot2docker stop
```
Run the upgrade command.
```
$ boot2docker upgrade
```

Use the installer

To upgrade any version of Boot2Docker, do this:

Open a terminal on your local machine.
Stop the boot2docker application.
```
$ boot2docker stop
```
Go to the boot2docker/osx-installerrelease page.
Download Boot2Docker by clicking Boot2Docker-x.x.x.pkg in the "Downloads" section.
Install Boot2Docker by double-clicking the package.

The installer places Boot2Docker in your "Applications" folder.

Learning more and Acknowledgement

Use boot2docker help to list the full command line reference. For more information about using SSH or SCP to access the Boot2Docker VM, see the README at Boot2Docker repository.

Thanks to Chris Jones whose blog inspired me to redo this page.

Continue with the Docker User Guide.

参考：https://docs.docker.com/installation/mac/

http://dockerpool.com/static/books/docker_practice/appendix_command/README.html

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