原文:返璞归真 asp.net mvc (6) - asp.net mvc 2.0 新特性
作者：webabcd
介绍
asp.net mvc 之 asp.net mvc 2.0 新特性：如通过 DataAnnotations 实现数据验证及客户端验证，MVC 与 Dynamic Data 的结合，对异步 Controller 的支持，对 Area 的支持，新增的一些帮助方法等
示例
1、新特性总结
Index.aspx
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--><%@ Page Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage" %>
<asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="TitleContent" runat="server">
Home Page
</asp:Content>
<asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent" runat="server">
<h2><%: ViewData["Message"] %></h2>
<p>
<a href="Category" target="_blank">Demo</a>
</p>
<p>
1、<a href="Category/Create" target="_blank">通过 DataAnnotations 实现数据验证；对客户端验证的支持</a>
</p>
<p>
2、<a href="AsynchronousController" target="_blank">对异步 Controller 的支持</a>
</p>
<p>
3、MVC 与 Dynamic Data 的结合
<br />
<a href="Category/Edit/21" target="_blank">实现 Model 级别的 Dynamic Data</a>
<br />
<a href="Category/Edit2/21" target="_blank">实现 Property 级别的 Dynamic Data</a>
<br />
新增了对模板的支持（模板源自 Dynamic Data）
</p>
<p>
4、新增的参数级的声明 DefaultValueAttribute - 用于为参数指定默认值public ActionResult View(int id, [DefaultValue(1)]int page) { }
</p>
<p>
5、关于路由的新特性，参看：http://www.cnblogs.com/webabcd/archive/2010/05/20/1739750.html
</p>
<p>
6、Html.Hidden() 增强 - 其可以用于保存二进制（Binary 类型或 byte[] 类型）数据
<br />
比如：
<br />
<%= Html.Hidden("Photo", Model.Photo) %>
<br />
生成的 html 为：
<br />
<input type="hidden" name="Photo" value="QVNQLk5FVCBNVkMgaXMgZnVuIQ................................." />
</p>
<p>
7、在 VS 2010 中增加了 asp.net mvc 相关的代码片段
<br />
组合键 ctrl+k ctrl+b 调出代码片段管理器后查看
</p>
<p>
8、新增了一个名为 RequireHttpsAttribute 的 Action Filter - 其作用就是用于只允许 HTTPS 请求。默认情况下，如果是 HTTP 请求，则会自动跳转到 HTTPS 请求
</p>
<p>
9、只有 HTTP POST 请求才能返回 JsonResult
</p>
<p>
10、新增了 HttpPostAttribute HttpPutAttribute HttpGetAttribute HttpDeleteAttribute ，以前是类似这样写的 AcceptVerbs(HttpVerbs.Post)
</p>
<p>
11、UrlParameter.Optional - 如果从url路由中无法获取某个参数的值，则从url参数中获取该参数的值。示例如下
<br />
routes.MapRoute(
"Default",
"{controller}/{action}/{id}",
new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
);
<br />
<a href="Category/?pageIndex=0" target="_blank">使用 UrlParameter.Optional 的一个演示</a>
</p>
<p>
12、对 Area 的支持 - 允许在一个应用程序内存在多套 MVC，在项目中单击右键 -> Add -> Area...（详见示例程序中的 Areas 目录）
</p>
<p>
13、新增的一些帮助方法
<br />
Html.EditorFor(), Html.DisplayFor(), Html.DisplayTextFor(), Html.ValidationMessageFor(), Html.TextBoxFor(), Html.TextAreaFor(), Html.DropDownListFor(), Html.CheckboxFor(), Html.RadioButtonFor(), Html.ListBoxFor(), Html.PasswordFor(), Html.HiddenFor(), Html.LabelFor()
<br />
它们主要用于实现 Scaffold，以及为 Property 或 Model 指定显示模板或编辑模板
</p>
</asp:Content>
2、异步 Controller 的 Demo
Areas/AsynchronousController/Controllers/HomeController.cs
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-->/*
* ASP.NET MVC 2.0 - 异步 Controller
* 1、需要继承基类 AsyncController
* 2、在 Async 为后缀的方法中写发起异步操作的逻辑；在 Completed 为后缀的方法中写异步操作完成后的逻辑；此两个方法的前缀就是这个异步 Controller 的 Action
* 3、AsyncManager.OutstandingOperations.Increment() - 递增当前异步操作的计数器；AsyncManager.OutstandingOperations.Decrement(); - 递减当前异步操作的计数器。当异步操作的计数器为 0 时，则调用以 Completed 为后缀的方法
* 4、AsyncManager.Parameters[key] - 传递指定参数到以 Completed 为后缀的方法中
*/
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Net;
using System.Xml;
using System.ServiceModel.Syndication;
namespace MVC20.Areas.AsynchronousController.Controllers
{
[HandleError]
public class HomeController : AsyncController
{
// IndexAsync() 以及 IndexCompleted() 是一对，其 Action 为 Index
// 开始一个异步操作
public void IndexAsync()
{
// 递增计数器
AsyncManager.OutstandingOperations.Increment();
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("http://www.cnblogs.com/webabcd/rss");
request.BeginGetResponse(new AsyncCallback(OnGetRssFeedAsyncCompleted), request);
}
// 完成异步操作后
public ActionResult IndexCompleted(IEnumerable<SyndicationItem> items)
{
ViewData["Message"] = "Welcome to ASP.NET MVC!";
ViewData["SyndicationItems"] = items;
return View();
}
private void OnGetRssFeedAsyncCompleted(IAsyncResult result)
{
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)result.AsyncState;
HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.EndGetResponse(result);
using (XmlReader reader = XmlReader.Create(response.GetResponseStream()))
{
SyndicationFeed feed = SyndicationFeed.Load(reader);
// 传递指定参数到 IndexCompleted() 方法中
AsyncManager.Parameters["items"] = feed.Items;
// 递减计数器，当计数器为 0 时，则调用 IndexCompleted()
AsyncManager.OutstandingOperations.Decrement();
}
}
}
}
Areas/AsynchronousController/Views/Home/Index.aspx
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--><%@ Page Language="C#" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<dynamic>" %>
<%@ Import Namespace="System.ServiceModel.Syndication" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
<title>Index</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<h2>
<%: ViewData["Message"] %></h2>
<div>
<!--
调用异步 Controller 的 Demo
注意：Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<dynamic>"，这里用了 dynamic 类型
-->
<% foreach (SyndicationItem item in (IEnumerable<SyndicationItem>)ViewData["SyndicationItems"])
{ %>
<a href="<%= item.Id %>">
<%= item.Title.Text %></a><br />
<% } %>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
3、Area 的 Demo
Areas/AsynchronousController/AsynchronousControllerAreaRegistration.cs
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-->/*
* ASP.NET MVC 2.0 - 对 Area 的支持，其允许在一个应用程序内实现多套 MVC
* 1、新建 Area：右键 -> Add -> Area...
* 2、继承 AreaRegistration，配置对应此 Area 的路由
* 3、在 Global 中通过 AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); 注册此 Area
* 4、有了 Area，就一定要配置路由的命名空间
*/
using System.Web.Mvc;
namespace MVC20.Areas.AsynchronousController
{
// 新建一个 Area 会自动生成这个继承自 AreaRegistration 的类
// 如果需要使用此 Area 下的 MVC， 需要在 Global 中 AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();
public class AsynchronousControllerAreaRegistration : AreaRegistration
{
public override string AreaName
{
get
{
return "AsynchronousController";
}
}
public override void RegisterArea(AreaRegistrationContext context)
{
// 在 Area 中配置路由的时候，要设置命名空间（即本例中的第 4 个参数）
context.MapRoute(
"AsynchronousController_default",
"AsynchronousController/{controller}/{action}/{id}",
new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, // Parameter defaults
new string[] { "MVC20.Areas.AsynchronousController.Controllers" }
);
}
}
}
Global.asax
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-->using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Routing;
namespace MVC20
{
public class MvcApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication
{
public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
{
routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");
// 用于本项目中使用了 Area，所以在配置路由的时候，要设置命名空间（即本例中的第 4 个参数）
routes.MapRoute(
"Default", // Route name
"{controller}/{action}/{id}", // URL with parameters
new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, // UrlParameter.Optional - 如果从url路由中无法获取某个参数的值，则从url参数中获取该参数的值
new string[] {"MVC20.Controllers"}
);
}
protected void Application_Start()
{
// 注册本应用程序中的所有 Area
AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();
RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
}
}
}
4、对 DataAnnotations 的支持，实现数据验证（包括客户端验证）
Metadata.cs
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-->/*
* ASP.NET MVC 2.0 - 对 DataAnnotations 的支持，可以实现验证及 Scaffold
*/
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
namespace MVC20.Models
{
[MetadataType(typeof(ProductCategory_Metadata))]
public partial class ProductCategory
{
}
public class ProductCategory_Metadata
{
[Required(AllowEmptyStrings = false, ErrorMessage = "{0} 为必填字段")]
[NameValidation(ErrorMessage = "{0} 只能是数字")]
[Display(Name="名称")]
public string Name;
[ScaffoldColumn(false)]
public object ModifiedDate { get; set; }
// DisplayValue=true - 默认值。在显示模板中，用一个 lable 显示指定的值；在编辑模板中，用一个 lable 显示指定的值，并用一个 hidden input 保存该值
// DisplayValue=false - 在显示模板中，不做任何显示；在编辑模板中，不做任何显示，但会用一个 hidden input 保存该值
[System.Web.Mvc.HiddenInput(DisplayValue=true)]
public object rowguid { get; set; }
}
// 通过继承 RegularExpressionAttribute 实现自定义验证 Attribute
// 通过继承 ValidationAttribute 实现自定义验证 Attribute 的 Demo 可以参看 http://www.cnblogs.com/webabcd/archive/2009/02/23/1396212.html
public class NameValidationAttribute : RegularExpressionAttribute
{
public NameValidationAttribute()
: base("^[0-9]*$")
{
}
}
}
CategoryController.cs
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-->using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using MVC20.Models;
using System.ComponentModel;
namespace MVC20.Controllers
{
public class CategoryController : Controller
{
// DefaultValueAttribute - 用于为参数指定默认值。当路由或url参数中无此参数时，则会使用此默认值
public ActionResult Index([DefaultValue(2)]int pageIndex)
{
int pageSize = 10;
var categories = new Models.CategorySystem().GetCategory(pageIndex, pageSize);
return View("Index", categories);
}
public ActionResult Edit(int id)
{
var category = new Models.CategorySystem().GetCategory(id);
return View("Edit", category);
}
// 用于演示实现 Model 级别的 Dynamic Data
[HttpPost]
public ActionResult Edit(int id, FormCollection formValues)
{
var cs = new Models.CategorySystem();
var category = cs.GetCategory(id);
TryUpdateModel<ProductCategory>(category);
cs.Save();
return RedirectToAction("Index");
}
public ActionResult Edit2(int id)
{
var category = new Models.CategorySystem().GetCategory(id);
return View("Edit2", category);
}
// 用于演示实现 Property 级别的 Dynamic Data
[HttpPost]
public ActionResult Edit2(int id, FormCollection formValues)
{
var cs = new Models.CategorySystem();
var category = cs.GetCategory(id);
TryUpdateModel<ProductCategory>(category);
cs.Save();
return RedirectToAction("Index");
}
public ActionResult Details(int id)
{
var category = new Models.CategorySystem().GetCategory(id);
return View("Details", category);
}
public ActionResult Create()
{
ProductCategory category = new ProductCategory()
{
};
return View(category);
}
// 用于演示通过 DataAnnotations 实现数据验证
[HttpPost]
public ActionResult Create(ProductCategory category)
{
if (!ModelState.IsValid)
{
return View(category);
}
else
{
var cs = new Models.CategorySystem();
cs.AddCategory(category);
cs.Save();
return View("Details", category);
}
}
}
}
Create.aspx
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--><%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<MVC20.Models.ProductCategory>" %>
<asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="TitleContent" runat="server">
Create
</asp:Content>
<asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent" runat="server">
<!--
为了实现客户端验证，需要引用以下两个 JavaScript
-->
<script src="http://www.cnblogs.com/Scripts/MicrosoftAjax.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="http://www.cnblogs.com/Scripts/MicrosoftMvcValidation.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<h2>Create</h2>
<!--启用客户端验证功能-->
<% Html.EnableClientValidation(); %>
<% using (Html.BeginForm()) {%>
<!-- Html.ValidationSummary Helper Method Can Display Model-Level Errors -->
<%: Html.ValidationSummary("错误信息如下：")%>
<fieldset>
<legend>Fields</legend>
<div class="editor-label">
<%: Html.LabelFor(model => model.ProductCategoryID) %>
</div>
<div class="editor-field">
<%: Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.ProductCategoryID) %>
<!--
验证的错误信息来自 DataAnnotations，也可以通过 ValidationMessageFor() 来指定需要显示的错误信息
-->
<%: Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.ProductCategoryID, "*") %>
</div>
<div class="editor-label">
<%: Html.LabelFor(model => model.ParentProductCategoryID) %>
</div>
<div class="editor-field">
<%: Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.ParentProductCategoryID) %>
<%: Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.ParentProductCategoryID) %>
</div>
<div class="editor-label">
<%: Html.LabelFor(model => model.Name) %>
</div>
<div class="editor-field">
<%: Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.Name) %>
<%: Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Name) %>
</div>
<div class="editor-label">
<%: Html.LabelFor(model => model.rowguid) %>
</div>
<div class="editor-field">
<%: Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.rowguid) %>
<%: Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.rowguid) %>
</div>
<div class="editor-label">
<%: Html.LabelFor(model => model.ModifiedDate) %>
</div>
<div class="editor-field">
<%: Html.TextBox("ModifiedDate", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd")) %>
<%: Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.ModifiedDate) %>
</div>
<p>
<input type="submit" value="Create" />
</p>
</fieldset>
<% } %>
<div>
<%: Html.ActionLink("Back to List", "Index") %>
</div>
</asp:Content>
5、MVC 与 Dynamic Data 相结合的 Demo
相关的 DataAnnotations 就用上面的那个
Category/Edit.aspx
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--><%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<MVC20.Models.ProductCategory>" %>
<asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="TitleContent" runat="server">
Edit
</asp:Content>
<asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent" runat="server">
<h2>
Edit</h2>
<% using (Html.BeginForm()) { %>
<%: Html.ValidationSummary("错误信息如下：")%>
<%= Html.EditorFor(category => category) %>
<input type="submit" value="Save" />
<% } %>
<div>
<%: Html.ActionLink("Back to List", "Index") %>
</div>
</asp:Content>
Category/Edit2.aspx
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--><%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<MVC20.Models.ProductCategory>" %>
<asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="TitleContent" runat="server">
Edit2
</asp:Content>
<asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent" runat="server">
<h2>Edit2</h2>
<% using (Html.BeginForm()) {%>
<%: Html.ValidationSummary("错误信息如下：")%>
<fieldset>
<legend>Fields</legend>
<%= Html.LabelFor(c => c.ParentProductCategoryID) %>: <%= Html.EditorFor(c => c.ParentProductCategoryID)%>
</br>
<%= Html.LabelFor(c => c.Name) %>: <%= Html.EditorFor(c => c.Name)%>
<p>
<input type="submit" value="Save" />
</p>
</fieldset>
<% } %>
<div>
<%: Html.ActionLink("Back to List", "Index") %>
</div>
</asp:Content>
Category/Index.aspx
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--><%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<IEnumerable<MVC20.Models.ProductCategory>>" %>
<asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="TitleContent" runat="server">
Index
</asp:Content>
<asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent" runat="server">
<h2>
Index</h2>
<table>
<tr>
<th>
</th>
<th>
ProductCategoryID
</th>
<th>
ParentProductCategoryID
</th>
<th>
名称
</th>
<th>
rowguid
</th>
<th>
ModifiedDate
</th>
</tr>
<% foreach (var item in Model)
{ %>
<tr>
<td>
<%: Html.ActionLink("Edit", "Edit", new { id=item.ProductCategoryID }) %>
|
<%: Html.ActionLink("Details", "Details", new { id=item.ProductCategoryID })%>
|
<%: Html.ActionLink("Delete", "Delete", new { id=item.ProductCategoryID })%>
</td>
<td>
<%: item.ProductCategoryID %>
</td>
<td>
<%: item.ParentProductCategoryID %>
</td>
<td>
<%: Html.DisplayTextFor(c => item.Name)%>
</td>
<td>
<%: item.rowguid %>
</td>
<td>
<!--
Html.DisplayFor() - 可以指定显示模板（可以指定 Property 级模板，也可以指定 Model 级模板），本例的模板地址为 Views/Shared/DisplayTemplates/MyDate.ascx ，这种实现方式来自 Dynamic Data
-->
<%= Html.DisplayFor(Product => item.ModifiedDate, "MyDate")%>
</td>
</tr>
<% } %>
</table>
<p>
<%= Html.RouteLink("上一页", "Default", new { pageIndex = Convert.ToInt32(Request.QueryString["pageIndex"] ?? "2") - 1 })%>
|
<%= Html.RouteLink("下一页", "Default", new { pageIndex = Convert.ToInt32(Request.QueryString["pageIndex"] ?? "2") + 1 })%>
</p>
<p>
<%: Html.ActionLink("Create New", "Create") %>
</p>
</asp:Content>
Shared/DisplayTemplates/MyDate.ascx
<%@ Control Language="C#" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewUserControl<dynamic>" %><%= Html.Encode(String.Format("{0:yyyy-MM-dd}", Model)) %>
OK
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