从jdk1.5开始我们可以利用Future来跟踪异步计算的结果。在此之前主线程要想获得工作线程(异步计算线程)的结果是比较麻烦的事情,需要我们进行特殊的程序结构设计,比较繁琐而且容易出错。有了Future我们就可以设计出比较优雅的异步计算程序结构模型:根据分而治之的思想,我们可以把异步计算的线程按照职责分为3类:
1. 异步计算的发起线程(控制线程):负责异步计算任务的分解和发起,把分解好的任务交给异步计算的work线程去执行,发起异步计算后,发起线程可以获得Futrue的集合,从而可以跟踪异步计算结果
2. 异步计算work线程:负责具体的计算任务
3. 异步计算结果收集线程:从发起线程那里获得Future的集合,并负责监控Future的状态,根据Future的状态来处理异步计算的结果。
以下是我根据上述想法写的一个例子:
package com.chengxuyuanzhilu.two; import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.Future; public class OutputResult implements Runnable { private FutureContext<String> context; public void setFutureContext(FutureContext<String> context){
this.context = context;
} @Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("start to output result:");
List<Future<String>> list = this.context.getFutureList(); for (Future<String> future : list) {
this.outputResultFromFuture(future);
}
System.out.println("finish to output result.");
} private void outputResultFromFuture(Future<String> future){
try {
while (true) {
if(future.isDone() && !future.isCancelled()){
System.out.println("Future: " + future + ",Result:" + future.get());
break;
}else{
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
};
} }
package com.chengxuyuanzhilu.two; import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.Future; public class FutureContext<T> {
private List<Future<T>> futureList = new ArrayList<>(); public void addFuture(Future<T> future){
this.futureList.add(future);
} public List<Future<T>> getFutureList(){
return this.futureList;
}
}
package com.chengxuyuanzhilu.two; import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future; public class AsyncController {
//线程池
private ExecutorService executorService; //保存异步计算的Future
private FutureContext<String> context; public AsyncController() {
//创建一个固定大小的线程池
this.executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(100);
this.context = new FutureContext<>();
} public static void main(String[] args) {
//启动异步计算
AsyncController controller = new AsyncController();
controller.startAsycCompution(); //启动异步计算结果输出线程,该线程扫描异步计算Futrue的状态,如果已经完成,则输出异步计算结果
OutputResult output = new OutputResult();
output.setFutureContext(controller.getFutureContext());
Thread resultThread = new Thread(output);
resultThread.start();
} public FutureContext<String> getFutureContext(){
return this.context;
} public void startAsycCompution(){
/**
* 开启100个异步计算,每个异步计算线程随机sleep几秒来模拟计算耗时
*/
final Random random = new Random(); for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
Future<String> future = this.executorService.submit(
new Callable<String>(){ @Override
public String call() throws Exception {
int randomInt = random.nextInt(10);
Thread.sleep(randomInt * 1000);
return "" + randomInt;
} });
//每个异步计算的结果 存放在context中
this.context.addFuture(future);
}
} }
源码下载地址:http://pan.baidu.com/s/1c1uuq5M