1. 下载并烧写系统镜像到TF卡
RaspberryPi Imager
2. 开启基础服务
2.1 Remote-ssh
Raspbian buster默认不开启ssh server服务，需要在TF卡根目录boot下新建ssh文件
macOS / Linux
touch ssh
WIndows
在TF卡根目录下新建一个txt文件，并重命名为ssh（不保留后缀名）。
2.2. 配置WiFi自动连接
在TF卡根目录boot下新建wpa_supplicant.conf，并输入以下配置：
country=CN
ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
update_config=1
network={
ssid="XXXX" #你的无线网络名称
psk="XXX" #你的无线网络密码
priority=5
}
3. 更改用户名及密码
sudo raspi-config
开启root用户 sudo passwd root
4. 更新系统
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo apt -y update
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo apt -y upgrade
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo apt autoremove
5. 安装pip3
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo apt install python3-pip
升级pip3
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo pip3 install -–upgrade pip
安装awscli
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo pip3 install awscli
安装docker-compose
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo pip3 install docker-compose
6. 安装docker
6.1 使用安装脚本
- 官方脚本
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo sh get-docker.sh
- 阿里云镜像脚本
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo sh get-docker.sh --mirror=Aliyun
手动安装
6.2 配置docker镜像加速
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": [
"https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/",
"https://hub-mirror.c.163.com/"
]
}
备选镜像源：
- 科大镜像：https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/
- 网易：https://hub-mirror.c.163.com/
- 七牛云加速器：https://reg-mirror.qiniu.com
- 阿里云：https://<你的ID>.mirror.aliyuncs.com (推荐，获取专属加速地址)
重启docker服务
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo systemctl restart docker
7. 挂载U盘/移动硬盘
7.1 格式化硬盘
7.1.1 查看硬盘信息
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 29.8 GiB, 32010928128 bytes, 62521344 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x90f2d69d
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/mmcblk0p1 8192 532479 524288 256M c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/mmcblk0p2 532480 62521343 61988864 29.6G 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sda: 1.8 TiB, 2000398931968 bytes, 3907029164 sectors
Disk model: External USB 3.0
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x5e03fb62
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 2048 3907023023 3907020976 1.8T 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
可以看到待挂载硬盘/dev/sda1
7.1.2 格式化硬盘
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo fdisk /dev/sda1
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.33.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
# 删除硬盘原分区
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1
Partition 1 has been deleted.
# 添加硬盘新分区
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
# 添加分区，默认的分区格式是 primary
Select (default p):
Using default response p.
# 分区号默认 1
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
# 指定分区的起始扇区，一般默认 2048
First sector (2048-62668799, default 2048):
# 指定分区的终止扇区，一般默认最大值
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-62668799, default 62668799):
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 1.8 TiB.
Partition #1 contains a vfat signature.
# 询问删除签名，确认：y
Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: y
The signature will be removed by a write command.
# 保存修改
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
7.1.3 复查硬盘信息
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 29.8 GiB, 32010928128 bytes, 62521344 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x90f2d69d
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/mmcblk0p1 8192 532479 524288 256M c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/mmcblk0p2 532480 62521343 61988864 29.6G 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sda: 1.8 TiB, 2000398931968 bytes, 3907029164 sectors
Disk model: External USB 3.0
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x5e03fb62
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 2048 3907023023 3907020976 1.8T 7 Linux
7.1.4 格式化文件系统
Make a Linux filesystem.
mkfs [options] [-t <type>] [fs-options] <device> [<size>]
- device ： 预备检查的硬盘分区，例如：/dev/sda1
- -V : 详细显示模式
- -t : 给定档案系统的型式，Linux 的预设值为 ext2，可选ext4 / ext3 / reiserfs / ext2 / fat32 / msdos
- -c : 在制做档案系统前，检查该partition 是否有坏轨
- -l bad_blocks_file : 将有坏轨的block资料加到 bad_blocks_file 里面
- block : 给定 block 的大小
e.g.
sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
7.2 挂载硬盘
7.2.1 临时挂载
# 临时挂载到/mnt
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
# 查看挂载情况
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/root 30G 2.0G 26G 8% /
devtmpfs 341M 0 341M 0% /dev
tmpfs 373M 0 373M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 373M 9.8M 364M 3% /run
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 373M 0 373M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1.9T 432G 1.4T 24% /mnt
7.2.2 永久挂载
Debian 使用 UUID 来实现硬盘自动挂载。通过blkid来查看/dev/sda1的UUID
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo blkid
/dev/mmcblk0p1: LABEL_FATBOOT="boot" LABEL="boot" UUID="5DE4-665C" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="90f2d69d-01"
/dev/mmcblk0p2: LABEL="rootfs" UUID="7295bbc3-bbc2-4267-9fa0-099e10ef5bf0" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="90f2d69d-02"
/dev/mmcblk0: PTUUID="90f2d69d" PTTYPE="dos"
/dev/sda1: LABEL="Win" UUID="E6FEF4E4FEF4ADC5" TYPE="ntfs" PARTUUID="5e03fb62-01"
添加挂载点，配置自动挂载
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo vim /etc/fstab
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
PARTUUID=90f2d69d-01 /boot vfat defaults 0 2
PARTUUID=90f2d69d-02 / ext4 defaults,noatime 0 1
# a swapfile is not a swap partition, no line here
# use dphys-swapfile swap[on|off] for that
UUID="E6FEF4E4FEF4ADC5" /mnt ntfs defaults 0 0
配置完成后，可以sudo reboot，并使用df -h检查自动挂载情况。