转行学开发,代码100天——2018-05-05
今天通过鼠标拖拽事件复习巩固一下鼠标事件。
鼠标拖拽事件需要记住两点:
1.距离不变
2.鼠标事件(按下,移动,抬起)
<div id="div1"></div>
<style type="text/css">
#div1{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background: red;
position: absolute;
}
</style>
JavaScript事件:
<script type="text/javascript">
window.onload = function(){
var oDiv = document.getElementById("div1");
var disX = 0;
var disY = 0;
//鼠标按下
oDiv.onmousedown = function(ev){
var oEvent = ev||event;
disX = oEvent.clientX-oDiv.offsetLeft;
disY = oEvent.clientY-oDiv.offsetTop;
//鼠标移动
oDiv.onmousemove = function(ev){
var oEvent = ev||event;
oDiv.style.left = oEvent.clientX-disX+"px";
oDiv.style.top = oEvent.clientY-disY+"px";
};
oDiv.onmouseup = function(){
oDiv.onmousemove = null;
oDiv.onmouseup = null;
}
};
}
</script>
注意:这里的鼠标的移动事件是在鼠标按下之后发生;鼠标抬起时需要关闭鼠标移动事件和它本身。
这时可以实现一个基本的拖拽效果。但是,当鼠标快速移动时,仍然有个问题:当鼠标移到div盒子外面时盒子被鼠标甩掉了。。
究其原因在于鼠标事件的添加对象只是div盒子,盒子很小时会发生上述情况。因此可以将事件添加对象升级到document上。
<script type="text/javascript">
window.onload = function(){
var oDiv = document.getElementById("div1");
var disX = 0;
var disY = 0;
//鼠标按下
document.onmousedown = function(ev){
var oEvent = ev||event;
disX = oEvent.clientX-oDiv.offsetLeft;
disY = oEvent.clientY-oDiv.offsetTop;
//鼠标移动
document.onmousemove = function(ev){
var oEvent = ev||event;
oDiv.style.left = oEvent.clientX-disX+"px";
oDiv.style.top = oEvent.clientY-disY+"px";
};
document.onmouseup = function(){
document.onmousemove = null;
document.onmouseup = null;
}
};
}
</script>
尽管如此,在火狐浏览器下拖拽空DIV盒子会出现重影,因此需要阻止默认事件,在鼠标按下事件中添加
return false;
此外,通过学习事件捕获,IE转属的setCapture()方法,可以避免使用事件对象升级到document。同时需要在鼠标抬起事件中,取消事件捕获releaseCapture();
最后,为了提升用户体验,还可以对上述拖拽事件进行更进一步的优化,即对拖拽范围添加限制。
<script type="text/javascript">
window.onload = function(){
var oDiv = document.getElementById("div1");
var disX = 0;
var disY = 0;
//鼠标按下
document.onmousedown = function(ev){
var oEvent = ev||event;
disX = oEvent.clientX-oDiv.offsetLeft;
disY = oEvent.clientY-oDiv.offsetTop;
//鼠标移动
document.onmousemove = function(ev){
var oEvent = ev||event;
var l = oEvent.clientX-disX;
var t = oEvent.clientY-disY; if (l<0) {
l =0;
}else if(l>document.documentElement.clientWidth-oDiv.offsetWidth)
{
l = document.documentElement.clientWidth-oDiv.offsetWidth;
} if (t<0) {
t =0;
}else if(t>document.documentElement.clientHeight-oDiv.offsetHeight)
{
t = document.documentElement.clientHeight-oDiv.offsetHeight;
} oDiv.style.left = l+"px";
oDiv.style.top = t+"px";
};
document.onmouseup = function(){
document.onmousemove = null;
document.onmouseup = null;
};
return false;
};
}
</script>
添加事件捕获后优化代码如下:
<script type="text/javascript">
window.onload = function(){
var oDiv = document.getElementById("div1");
var disX =0;
var disY =0;
oDiv.onmousedown = function(ev){
var oEvent = ev||event;
disX = oEvent.clientX-oDiv.offsetLeft;
disY = oEvent.clientY-oDiv.offsetTop;
if (oDiv.setCapture) {
//鼠标移动事件
oDiv.onmousemove = mouseMove;
oDiv.onmouseup = mouseUp;
oDiv.setCapture();//ie专用
return false;
}else{
//鼠标移动
document.onmousemove = mouseMove;
document.onmouseup = mouseUp;
return false;
}
};
//鼠标抬起事件
function mouseUp(){
this.onmousemove = null;
this.onmouseup = null;
if (this.setCapture) {
this.releaseCapture();//ie专用
}
};
//鼠标移动事件
function mouseMove(ev){
var oEvent = ev||event;
var l = oEvent.clientX-disX;
var t = oEvent.clientY-disY;
if (l<0) {
l =0;
}else if(l>document.documentElement.clientWidth-oDiv.offsetWidth)
{
l = document.documentElement.clientWidth-oDiv.offsetWidth;
}
if (t<0) {
t =0;
}else if(t>document.documentElement.clientHeight-oDiv.offsetHeight)
{
t = document.documentElement.clientHeight-oDiv.offsetHeight;
}
oDiv.style.left = l+"px";
oDiv.style.top = t+"px";
};
}
</script>