This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
由于redhat 的更新包只对注册的用户生效，所以需要自己手动更改成CentOS 的更新包，CentOS几乎和redhat是一样的，所以无需担心软件包是否可安装，安装之后是否有问题。
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操作系统：Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.9 (Maipo) |
- 首先查看redhat 7.9系统本身所安装的那些yum 软件包
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[root@rhel7 ~]# rpm -qa | grep yum yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-10.el7.noarch yum-3.4.3-168.el7.noarch PackageKit-yum-1.1.10-2.el7.x86_64 yum-langpacks-0.4.2-7.el7.noarch yum-utils-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64 |
- 卸载这些软件包
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[root@rhel7 ~]# rpm -e yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-10.el7.noarch --nodeps [root@rhel7 ~]# rpm -e yum-3.4.3-168.el7.noarch --nodeps [root@rhel7 ~]# rpm -e PackageKit-yum-1.1.10-2.el7.x86_64 --nodeps [root@rhel7 ~]# rpm -e yum-langpacks-0.4.2-7.el7.noarch --nodeps 警告：/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/langpacks.conf 已另存为 /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/langpacks.conf.rpmsave [root@rhel7 ~]# rpm -e yum-utils-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch --nodeps [root@rhel7 ~]# rpm -e yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64 --nodeps |
- 保证本机电脑能上网
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[root@rhel7 ~]# ping mirrors.163.com PING mirrors.163.com (106.225.229.135) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from mirrors.163.com (106.225.229.135): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=4.64 ms 64 bytes from mirrors.163.com (106.225.229.135): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=5.34 ms 64 bytes from mirrors.163.com (106.225.229.135): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=4.72 ms |
- 进入以下网站上面查看软件包的版本是否升级或者找到自己系统所对应的文件包版本更新
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网易开源镜像站： 清华大学开源软件镜像站： |
- 找到自己所需要的版本下载
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[root@rhel7 ~]# wget 7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch.rpm [root@rhel7 ~]# wget 7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm [root@rhel7 ~]# wget 7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-utils-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm [root@rhel7 ~]# wget 7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm [root@rhel7 ~]# wget 7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm |
- 查看下载完成结果
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[root@rhel7 ~]# ll *rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1298856 10 月 15 2020 yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 28348 7 月 4 2014 yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 35216 5 月 14 2020 yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 28024 5 月 14 2020 yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 124852 5 月 14 2020 yum-utils-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm |
- 安装软件包
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[root@rhel7 ~]# rpm -ivh yum-* 警告：yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY 准备中... ################################# [100%] 正在升级/安装... 1:yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7 ################################# [ 20%] 2:yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-5################################# [ 40%] 3:yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos ################################# [ 60%] 4:yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-54.el7_8 ################################# [ 80%] 5:yum-utils-1.1.31-54.el7_8 ################################# [100%] |
- 新建repo 配置文件
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[root@rhel7 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo # CentOS-Base.repo # # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and # geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates # unless you are manually picking other mirrors. # # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the # remarked out baseurl= line instead. # # [base] name=CentOS-7.9.2009 - Base - 163.com #mirrorlist= baseurl=7.9.2009/os/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#released updates [updates] name=CentOS-7.9.2009 - Updates - 163.com #mirrorlist= baseurl=7.9.2009/updates/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#additional packages that may be useful [extras] name=CentOS-7.9.2009 - Extras - 163.com #mirrorlist= baseurl=7.9.2009/extras/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages [centosplus] name=CentOS-7.9.2009 - Plus - 163.com baseurl=7.9.2009/centosplus/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 |
- 至此YUM 网络源已经安装完成，运行以下命令生成缓存
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[root@rhel7 ~]# yum clean all 已加载插件：fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
正在清理软件源： base extras updates [root@rhel7 ~]# yum makecache 已加载插件：fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Determining fastest mirrors base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 (1/10): base/x86_64/group_gz | 153 kB 00:00:00 (2/10): base/x86_64/filelists_db | 7.2 MB 00:00:02 (3/10): base/x86_64/primary_db | 6.1 MB 00:00:01 (4/10): extras/x86_64/primary_db | 242 kB 00:00:00 (5/10): extras/x86_64/filelists_db | 235 kB 00:00:00 (6/10): base/x86_64/other_db | 2.6 MB 00:00:01 (7/10): extras/x86_64/other_db | 143 kB 00:00:00 (8/10): updates/x86_64/primary_db | 9.6 MB 00:00:02 (9/10): updates/x86_64/filelists_db | 5.5 MB 00:00:02 (10/10): updates/x86_64/other_db | 706 kB 00:00:00 元数据缓存已建立 |
- 测试安装是否正常
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[root@rhel7 ~]# yum -y install gcc 已加载插件：fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile 正在解决依赖关系 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 gcc.x86_64.0.4.8.5-44.el7 将被 安装 --> 正在处理依赖关系 cpp = 4.8.5-44.el7，它被软件包 gcc-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 需要 --> 正在处理依赖关系 glibc-devel >= 2.2.90-12，它被软件包 gcc-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 需要 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 cpp.x86_64.0.4.8.5-44.el7 将被 安装 ---> 软件包 glibc-devel.x86_64.0.2.17-324.el7_9 将被 安装 --> 正在处理依赖关系 glibc-headers = 2.17-324.el7_9，它被软件包 glibc-devel-2.17-324.el7_9.x86_64 需要 --> 正在处理依赖关系 glibc = 2.17-324.el7_9，它被软件包 glibc-devel-2.17-324.el7_9.x86_64 需要 --> 正在处理依赖关系 glibc-headers，它被软件包 glibc-devel-2.17-324.el7_9.x86_64 需要 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 glibc.x86_64.0.2.17-317.el7 将被 升级 --> 正在处理依赖关系 glibc = 2.17-317.el7，它被软件包 glibc-common-2.17-317.el7.x86_64 需要 ---> 软件包 glibc.x86_64.0.2.17-324.el7_9 将被 更新 ---> 软件包 glibc-headers.x86_64.0.2.17-324.el7_9 将被 安装 --> 正在处理依赖关系 kernel-headers >= 2.2.1，它被软件包 glibc-headers-2.17-324.el7_9.x86_64 需要 --> 正在处理依赖关系 kernel-headers，它被软件包 glibc-headers-2.17-324.el7_9.x86_64 需要 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 glibc-common.x86_64.0.2.17-317.el7 将被 升级 ---> 软件包 glibc-common.x86_64.0.2.17-324.el7_9 将被 更新 ---> 软件包 kernel-headers.x86_64.0.3.10.0-1160.36.2.el7 将被 安装 --> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
==================================================================================================================================================================== Package 架构 版本 源 大小 ==================================================================================================================================================================== 正在安装: gcc x86_64 4.8.5-44.el7 base 16 M 为依赖而安装: cpp x86_64 4.8.5-44.el7 base 5.9 M glibc-devel x86_64 2.17-324.el7_9 updates 1.1 M glibc-headers x86_64 2.17-324.el7_9 updates 691 k kernel-headers x86_64 3.10.0-1160.36.2.el7 updates 9.0 M 为依赖而更新: glibc x86_64 2.17-324.el7_9 updates 3.6 M glibc-common x86_64 2.17-324.el7_9 updates 12 M
事务概要 ==================================================================================================================================================================== 安装 1 软件包 (+4 依赖软件包) 升级 ( 2 依赖软件包)
总下载量：48 M Downloading packages: No Presto metadata available for updates 警告：/var/cache/yum/x86_64/$releasever/updates/packages/glibc-2.17-324.el7_9.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY | 18 MB 00:00:05 ETA glibc-2.17-324.el7_9.x86_64.rpm 的公钥尚未安装 (1/7): glibc-2.17-324.el7_9.x86_64.rpm | 3.6 MB 00:00:02 cpp-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64.rpm 的公钥尚未安装rpm 42% [======================== ] 5.5 MB/s | 20 MB 00:00:04 ETA (2/7): cpp-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64.rpm | 5.9 MB 00:00:02 (3/7): glibc-common-2.17-324.el7_9.x86_64.rpm | 12 MB 00:00:04 (4/7): glibc-devel-2.17-324.el7_9.x86_64.rpm | 1.1 MB 00:00:02 (5/7): gcc-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64.rpm | 16 MB 00:00:04 (6/7): glibc-headers-2.17-324.el7_9.x86_64.rpm | 691 kB 00:00:00 (7/7): kernel-headers-3.10.0-1160.36.2.el7.x86_64.rpm | 9.0 MB 00:00:05 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 总计 4.8 MB/s | 48 MB 00:00:10 从 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 检索密钥 导入 GPG key 0xF4A80EB5: 用户ID : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>" 指纹 : 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5 来自 : RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction 警告：RPM 数据库已被非 yum 程序修改。 ** 发现 2 个已存在的 RPM 数据库问题， 'yum check' 输出如下： PackageKit-1.1.10-2.el7.x86_64 有缺少的需求 PackageKit-backend rhn-check-2.0.2-24.el7.x86_64 有缺少的需求 yum-rhn-plugin >= ('0', '1.6.4', '1') 正在更新 : glibc-common-2.17-324.el7_9.x86_64 1/9 正在更新 : glibc-2.17-324.el7_9.x86_64 2/9 正在安装 : cpp-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 3/9 正在安装 : kernel-headers-3.10.0-1160.36.2.el7.x86_64 4/9 正在安装 : glibc-headers-2.17-324.el7_9.x86_64 5/9 正在安装 : glibc-devel-2.17-324.el7_9.x86_64 6/9 正在安装 : gcc-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 7/9 清理 : glibc-common-2.17-317.el7.x86_64 8/9 清理 : glibc-2.17-317.el7.x86_64 9/9 验证中 : glibc-2.17-324.el7_9.x86_64 1/9 验证中 : glibc-headers-2.17-324.el7_9.x86_64 2/9 验证中 : cpp-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 3/9 验证中 : glibc-devel-2.17-324.el7_9.x86_64 4/9 验证中 : gcc-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 5/9 验证中 : kernel-headers-3.10.0-1160.36.2.el7.x86_64 6/9 验证中 : glibc-common-2.17-324.el7_9.x86_64 7/9 验证中 : glibc-2.17-317.el7.x86_64 8/9 验证中 : glibc-common-2.17-317.el7.x86_64 9/9
已安装: gcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-44.el7
作为依赖被安装: cpp.x86_64 0:4.8.5-44.el7 glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.17-324.el7_9 glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.17-324.el7_9 kernel-headers.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1160.36.2.el7
作为依赖被升级: glibc.x86_64 0:2.17-324.el7_9 glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.17-324.el7_9
完毕！ |
到这里安装完成，以后安装所需包，可以不用本地yum源了，直接使用网络yum源。