.NET Core容器化@Docker
.NET Core容器化之多容器应用部署@Docker-Compose
.NET Core+MySql+Nginx 容器化部署
GitHub-Demo：Docker.NetCore.MySql
1. 引言
上两节我们通过简单的demo学习了docker的基本操作。这一节我们来一个进阶学习，完成ASP.NET Core + MySql + Nginx的容器化部署。
本文是基于CentOS 7.4环境进行演示，示例项目可以访问Docker.NetCore.MySql进行下载。
2. Hello MySQL
同样我们还是以循序渐进的方式来展开。首先来基于Docker来试玩一下MySQL。
2.1. 创建MySql实例
//拉取mysql镜像
docker pull mysql
$ docker images$
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/mysql latest 7d83a47ab2d2 13 days ago 408.2 MB
//创建一个mysql实例
$ docker run --name hello.mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql
$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e21bbd84e0b5 mysql "docker-entrypoint.sh" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes 3306/tcp hello.mysql
下面我们直接在容器中连接到我们刚刚创建的mysql数据库：
$ docker exec -it hello.mysql \
> mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.2. 挂载数据卷
上面创建的mysql实例其数据都在容器内部存储，这样就暴露了一个问题，如果容器销毁，那么对应的数据库数据就会丢失。那如何持久化存储容器内数据呢？我们可以通过挂载数据卷的方式来解决这一问题。
//创建数据卷
$ docker volume create --name hello.db
hello.db
//查看数据卷信息
$ docker volume inspect hello.db
[
{
"Name": "hello.db",
"Driver": "local",
"Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/hello.db/_data",
"Labels": {},
"Scope": "local"
}
]
// 挂载数据卷启动MySql实例
$ docker run --name hello.mysql \
> -v hello.db:/var/lib/mysql \
> -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql
上面是使用使用了docker volume create命令创建了一个数据卷，当然我们也可以自行挂载某个目录作为数据卷。
3. 准备.NET Core+EFCore+MySql项目
为了演示方便，我准备了一个ASP.NET Core+EFCore+MySql的示例项目。其结构如下所示：
是基于.NET Core Mvc模板项目，其中定义了一个Product实体，并通过ProductsController暴露WebApi接口。核心代码如下：
Product实体类：
public class Product
{
public int ProductId { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public decimal Price { get; set; }
public int StockQty { get; set; }
}
DbContext类：
public class MySqlDbContext : DbContext
{
public MySqlDbContext (DbContextOptions<MySqlDbContext> options)
: base(options)
{
}
public DbSet<Product> Products { get; set; }
}
数据库初始化类：
public class DbInitializer
{
public static void Initialize(MySqlDbContext context)
{
context.Database.EnsureCreated();
if (context.Products.Any())
{
return;
}
var products = new Product[]
{
new Product{Name="iphone 6",Price=5000,StockQty=10 },
new Product{Name="iphone 7",Price=6000,StockQty=10 },
new Product{Name="iphone 7 plus",Price=7000,StockQty=10 },
new Product{Name="iphone x",Price=8000,StockQty=10 }
};
context.Products.AddRange(products);
context.SaveChanges();
}
}
该数据库初始化类会在项目启动时运行。详细代码可参考Docker.NetCore.MySql。
4. 基于示例项目进行实操演练
4.1 安装Git并Clone示例项目
$ yum install git
$ git --version
git version 1.8.3.1
$ cd ~/demo
$ git clone https://github.com/yanshengjie/Docker.NetCore.MySql.git
Cloning into 'Docker.NetCore.MySql'...
remote: Counting objects: 155, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (125/125), done.
remote: Total 155 (delta 42), reused 123 (delta 25), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (155/155), 534.30 KiB | 333.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (42/42), done.
4.2. 构建镜像
细心的你会发现，项目中已经定义了Dockerfile，所以我们可以直接使用docker build构建镜像。
# cd Docker.NetCore.MySql
[root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# ls
appsettings.Development.json docker-compose.yml Program.cs Views
appsettings.json Dockerfile proxy.conf wwwroot
bundleconfig.json Docker.NetCore.MySql.csproj README.md
Controllers LICENSE ScaffoldingReadMe.txt
Data Models Startup.cs
//构建镜像
# docker build -t docker.netcore.mysql .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.045 MB
Step 1 : FROM microsoft/dotnet:latest
---> 7d4dc5c258eb
Step 2 : WORKDIR /app
---> Using cache
---> 98d48a4e278c
Step 3 : COPY . /app
---> 6b1bf8bb5261
Removing intermediate container b86460477977
Step 4 : RUN dotnet restore
---> Running in 4e0a46f762bb
Restoring packages for /app/Docker.NetCore.MySql.csproj...
Installing Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Razor 2.0.0.
.....
Restore completed in 216.83 ms for /app/Docker.NetCore.MySql.csproj.
---> 4df70c77916e
Removing intermediate container 4e0a46f762bb
Step 5 : EXPOSE 5000
---> Running in 11b421b3bd3e
---> 3506253060fe
Removing intermediate container 11b421b3bd3e
Step 6 : ENV ASPNETCORE_URLS http://*:5000
---> Running in 201aabbab72c
---> 7f29963a8d96
Removing intermediate container 201aabbab72c
Step 7 : ENTRYPOINT dotnet run
---> Running in c79f73cba162
---> 9d1fb6ee46cb
Removing intermediate container c79f73cba162
Successfully built 9d1fb6ee46cb
[root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# docker images docker.netcore.mysql
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.netcore.mysql latest 9d1fb6ee46cb 13 seconds ago 1.756 GB
4.3. 启动镜像并连接到指定数据库
docker提供了--link参数用于在容器之间建立连接。下面我们实例化创建的镜像docker.netcore.mysql并命名容器名为hello.netcore.mysql，并使用--link参数与我们文章开头建立的hello.mysql容器建立连接。
# docker run --name hello.netcore.mysql --link hello.mysql:db -d -p 5000:5000
docker.netcore.mysql
这里需要特别注意一下
--link=hello.mysql:db，这个参数就是告诉Docker容器需要使用hello.mysql容器，并将其别名命名为db，这样在hello.netcore.mysql这个容器中就可以使用db来作为提供mysql数据库服务的服务器。这也就是为什么我们.NET Core项目中连接字符串设置为server=db;的原因。"ConnectionStrings": { "MySql": "server=db;database=MySqlDbContext;uid=root;pwd=123456;" }
//查看运行中容器列表
# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5cbfd27ebe2a docker.netcore.mysql "dotnet run" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp hello.netcore.mysql
4dfa4159b669 mysql "docker-entrypoint.sh" About an hour ago Up About an hour 3306/tcp hello.mysql
//访问api/products
[root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# curl http://localhost:5000/api/products
[{"productId":1,"name":"iphone 6","price":5000.0000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10},{"productId":2,"name":"iphone 7","price":6000.0000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10},{"productId":3,"name":"iphone 7 plus","price":7000.0000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10},{"productId":4,"name":"iphone x","price":8000.000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10}]
从上图可知，我们完成了.NET Core与MySql的连接。
5. ASP.NET Core + MySql + Nginx
结合上一篇文章.NET Core容器化之多容器应用部署@Docker-Compose，我们来使用docker-compose完成asp.net core + mysql + nginx的多容器部署。
5.1. 定义 docker-compose.yml
version: '2'
services:
db:
container_name: hello.db
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 123456
volumes:
- ./mysql:/var/lib/mysql
web:
container_name: hello.web
build: .
depends_on:
- db
links:
- db
reverse-proxy:
container_name: hello.proxy
image: nginx
depends_on:
- web
ports:
- "9090:8080"
volumes:
- ./proxy.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
其中定义了三个服务：
- db：使用mysql镜像，并挂载当前项目下的mysql文件夹来持久化存储。
- web：基于当前项目构建的容器服务，依赖于db服务。
- reverse-proxy：使用nginx定义反向代理服务，其中挂载了当前项目下的proxy.conf文件作为反向代理配置文件。其中proxy.conf的配置如下（注意proxy_pass指定的url为http://web:5000)：
server {
listen 8080;
location / {
proxy_pass http://web:5000;
}
}
5.2. 启动Compose
在启动Compose之前，建议清空上面创建的容器。也可以使用docker rm $(docker ps -qa)清除所有容器。
//启动compose
[root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# docker-compose up -d
Creating network "dockernetcoremysql_default" with the default driver
Building web
Step 1 : FROM microsoft/dotnet:latest
---> 7d4dc5c258eb
Step 2 : WORKDIR /app
---> Using cache
---> 98d48a4e278c
Step 3 : COPY . /app
---> d41b32323c0f
Removing intermediate container 1259f5fb82bc
Step 4 : RUN dotnet restore
---> Running in d482e355de77
Restoring packages for /app/Docker.NetCore.MySql.csproj...
Installing Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Razor 2.0.0.
.....
Restore completed in 216.83 ms for /app/Docker.NetCore.MySql.csproj.
---> a0658008f161
Removing intermediate container d482e355de77
Step 5 : EXPOSE 5000
---> Running in dc6eeb29fd5e
---> a419314ece08
Removing intermediate container dc6eeb29fd5e
Step 6 : ENV ASPNETCORE_URLS http://*:5000
---> Running in c1d1474b14a0
---> 9cc13c549042
Removing intermediate container c1d1474b14a0
Step 7 : ENTRYPOINT dotnet run
---> Running in efdf0e857a84
---> 830ac11428cf
Removing intermediate container efdf0e857a84
Successfully built 830ac11428cf
Creating hello.db ... done
Creating hello.web ... done
Creating hello.proxy ... done
Creating hello.web ...
Creating hello.proxy ...
[root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
6253bf85682e nginx "nginx -g 'daemon off" 33 seconds ago Up 28 seconds 80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9090->8080/tcp hello.proxy
ea553a9e22f2 dockernetcoremysql_web "dotnet run" 37 seconds ago Up 32 seconds 5000/tcp hello.web
a1f5aa981bfb mysql "docker-entrypoint.sh" 38 seconds ago Up 36 seconds 3306/tcp hello.db
[root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# docker-compose ps
Name Command State Ports
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
hello.db docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld Up 3306/tcp
hello.proxy nginx -g daemon off; Up 80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9090->8080/tcp
hello.web dotnet run Up 5000/tcp
[root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# curl http://localhost:9090/api/products
[{"productId":1,"name":"iphone 6","price":5000.0000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10},{"productId":2,"name":"iphone 7","price":6000.0000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10},{"productId":3,"name":"iphone 7 plus","price":7000.0000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10},{"productId":4,"name":"iphone x","price":8000.000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10}]
上面的运行结果显示，我们已经成功完成了ASP.NET Core+MySql+Nginx的多容器应用部署。通过浏览器访问http:<ipaddress>:9090/api/products即可访问我们暴露的api。
5.3. 数据库验证
我们来验证一下数据库是否成功创建：
[root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# ls mysql
auto.cnf client-key.pem ib_logfile0 performance_schema server-key.pem
ca-key.pem MySqlDbContext ib_logfile1 private_key.pem sys
ca.pem ib_buffer_pool ibtmp1 public_key.pem
client-cert.pem ibdata1 mysql server-cert.pem
[root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# docker exec -it hello.db mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+-----------------------+
| Database |
+-----------------------+
| information_schema |
| MySqlDbContext |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+-----------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use MySqlDbContext;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------------+
| Tables_in_MySqlDbContext |
+---------------------------------+
| Products |
+---------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from Products;
+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------+----------+
| ProductId | Name | Price | StockQty |
+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------+----------+
| 1 | iphone 6 | 5000.000000000000000000000000000000 | 10 |
| 2 | iphone 7 | 6000.000000000000000000000000000000 | 10 |
| 3 | iphone 7 plus | 7000.000000000000000000000000000000 | 10 |
| 4 | iphone x | 8000.000000000000000000000000000000 | 10 |
+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
从上面的运行结果可知，我们成功将项目文件夹下的mysql文件夹挂载到容器内部进行数据持久化。
6. 最后
本文通过先介绍如何基于Docker实例化MySQL容器，再介绍如何通过挂载数据卷来持久化MySQL数据，以及如何使用--Link参数进行容器之间的连接，完成了.NET Core连接MySQL数据库。
最后，使用Docker-Compose综合ASP.NET Core+MySQL+Nginx完成了容器化部署。
下一节我们来介绍下如何使用Docker-Swarm进行集群部署。
7. 参考资料
mysql -Docker Documentation
Hello Docker
.NET Core容器化@Docker
.NET Core容器化之多容器应用部署@Docker-Compose