github是一种开源的版本控制工具，现在已经得到很多人的应用。所以想介绍一下github的一些使用。

github安装

github提供了桌面客户端，我们也可以通过命令行的方式来进行控制。

windows

https://windows.github.com

mac

https://mac.github.com

配置工具

对于本地版本配置用户信息

git config --global user.name "username"

git config --global user.email "email"

上面的分别是设置用户名和邮箱

建立版本库

git init project-name

//create a new local repost with the specified name

git clone url

//download a project and its entire version history

提交变化版本

git status

// list all new of modified files to be committed

git diff

//show file differences not yet staged

git add file

//snapshot the file in preparation for versioning

git diff --staged

//show file difference between staging and the last file version

git reset file

//unstage the file, but preserve its contents

git commit -m "description message"

群组版本控制

git branch

//list all local branches in the current respority

git branch branch-name

//create a new branch

git checkout branch-name

//switch to the specific branch and update the working directory

git merge branch

//combine the specified branch's history into the current branch

git branch -d branch-name

//delete the specified branch

重构文件名

git rm [file]

//delete the file from the working directory and stage the deletion

git rm --cached [file]

//remove the file from version control but pressure the file locally

git mv [file-origin] [file-renamed]

//change the file name and prepare it for commit

排除版本控制

*.log

build/

temp-*

以.log为结尾的文件都不会被进行版本控制

git ls-files --other --ignored --exclude-standard

//list all ignored files in the project

git stash

//temprarily store all modified tracked files

git stash pop

//restore the most recently stashed files

git stash list

//list all stashed changesets

git stash drop

//discard the most recently stashed changeset

git log

//list version history for the current branch

git log --follow [file]

list version history for a file

git diff [first-branch]...[second-branch]

//show content differences between two branches

git showw [commit]

//output metadata and content change of the specified commit

git reset [commit]

//undo all commits after[commit],preserve changes locally

git reset --hard [commit]

//discard all history and changes back to the specified commit

git fetch [bookmark]

//download all history from the respority bookmark

git merge ［bookmark]